Chen Yulin, Tan Yang, Wang Yile, Ma Yongfei, Li Ping, Du Zhenjie, Yang Lie, Wu Li, Cui Song, Ding Yongzhen, Qi Xuebin, Zhang Zulin
Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2023 Mar;42(3):605-619. doi: 10.1002/etc.5553. Epub 2023 Feb 8.
To our knowledge, ours is the first study to investigate the annual fluxes, environmental fate, and ecological risks of five categories of antibiotics from the Wuhan section of the Yangtze River (China). All the 24 antibiotics we tested for were detected in water, with total concentrations of 17.11-867.2 ng/L (mean: 63.69 ng/L), and 19 antibiotics were detected in sediment, at 0.02-287.7 ng/g (mean: 16.54 ng/g). Sulfonamides, amphenicols, and macrolides were the three most prominent antibiotic classes in water, and fluoroquinolones were the most prominent in sediment. Farming activities (animal husbandry and aquaculture) are proposed as the largest contributors to antibiotic pollution in the Wuhan section of the Yangtze River according to the Unmix model, followed by municipal wastewater and mixed sources. Higher pollution levels were observed downstream (combined discharge of these sources). Monthly monitoring data (12 months) were used to estimate antibiotic annual fluxes, with 101.5 t (uncertainty: 5.6%) in the Wuhan section of the Yangtze River. Risk assessments showed that erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin posed medium and high ecological risks and were found in 9%-35% and 1.8%-3.7% of all water samples, respectively; enrofloxacin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, florfenicol, and thiamphenicol posed medium resistance risks in 1.9%-16.7% of waters in the Wuhan section of the Yangtze River. Our results have filled data gaps on antibiotic sources, annual fluxes, and resistance risk in the Wuhan section of the Yangtze River and demonstrated the importance of further management of antibiotic use in the studied areas. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:605-619. © 2022 SETAC.
据我们所知，我们的研究首次调查了长江武汉段（中国）五类抗生素的年通量、环境归宿和生态风险。我们检测的24种抗生素均在水中被检测到，总浓度为17.11 - 867.2 ng/L（均值：63.69 ng/L），19种抗生素在沉积物中被检测到，含量为0.02 - 287.7 ng/g（均值：16.54 ng/g）。磺胺类、氯霉素类和大环内酯类是水中最主要的三类抗生素，氟喹诺酮类是沉积物中最主要的抗生素。根据非负矩阵因子分解模型，农业活动（畜牧业和水产养殖）被认为是长江武汉段抗生素污染的最大来源，其次是城市污水和混合源。下游（这些源的混合排放处）观测到更高的污染水平。利用12个月的月度监测数据估算抗生素年通量，长江武汉段为101.5吨（不确定性：5.6%）。风险评估表明，红霉素、克拉霉素和阿奇霉素分别在9% - 35%和1.8% - 3.7%的所有水样中呈现中高生态风险；恩诺沙星、克拉霉素、阿奇霉素、氟苯尼考和甲砜霉素在长江武汉段1.9% - 16.7%的水域中呈现中等耐药风险。我们的研究结果填补了长江武汉段抗生素来源、年通量和耐药风险的数据空白，并证明了在研究区域进一步管理抗生素使用的重要性。《环境毒理学与化学》2023年；42卷：605 - 619页。© 2022 SETAC。
