School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, USA.
Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, USA.
Sleep Med. 2023 Jan;101:570-577. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.12.008. Epub 2022 Dec 15.
Recent evidence utilizing online samples indicates that sleep patterns were significantly altered during the initial months of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic/lockdown. However, it remains less clear how sleep duration changed in population-based samples, in the later months of 2020, and across subpopulations. Here we used a population-based sample to document sleep duration trends for the entire year of 2020, compared these trends to the previous years of 2013, 2014, 2016, and 2018, and systematically analyzed whether self-reported sleep duration patterns in 2020 varied by sex, race/ethnicity, and educational attainment. Data were from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (n = 2,203,861) and focused on Americans aged 18 years and older. Respondents self-reported the hours of sleep they got in a 24-h period. We fit multinomial and linear regression models to predict the category of sleep duration (six or fewer hours, seven to eight h (base), and nine or more hours) and the raw reports of sleep duration, net of demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral health covariates. Results revealed significant increases in sleep duration during the months directly after the COVID-19 lockdown (March and April in particular). However, these increases were short lived; reports of sleep duration reverted to historical levels by the Fall of 2020. We also found that the changes in sleep duration trends in 2020 were similar by sex, race/ethnicity, and educational attainment, cumulatively leading to little impact to disparities in sleep duration. In a dramatic, but brief, alteration of population-level sleep duration patterns, disparities in self-reported sleep duration remained intractable.
最近的证据表明，利用在线样本，在 SARS-CoV-2（COVID-19）大流行/封锁的最初几个月，睡眠模式发生了显著改变。然而，在基于人群的样本中，在 2020 年的后期以及在不同亚人群中，睡眠持续时间的变化情况仍不太清楚。在这里，我们使用基于人群的样本记录了 2020 年全年的睡眠持续时间趋势，将这些趋势与之前的 2013 年、2014 年、2016 年和 2018 年进行了比较，并系统地分析了 2020 年自我报告的睡眠持续时间模式是否因性别、种族/民族和教育程度而有所不同。数据来自行为风险因素监测系统（n=2,203,861），重点关注年龄在 18 岁及以上的美国人。受访者自我报告他们在 24 小时内的睡眠时间。我们使用多项和线性回归模型来预测睡眠持续时间的类别（少于 6 小时、7 至 8 小时（基础）和 9 小时或更长时间）和睡眠持续时间的原始报告，减去人口统计学、社会经济和行为健康的协变量。结果显示，在 COVID-19 封锁后的几个月中，睡眠持续时间显著增加（特别是 3 月和 4 月）。然而，这些增加是短暂的；到 2020 年秋季，睡眠持续时间的报告恢复到历史水平。我们还发现，2020 年睡眠持续时间趋势的变化在性别、种族/民族和教育程度方面相似，累计起来对睡眠持续时间的差异影响不大。在人口层面的睡眠持续时间模式的戏剧性但短暂的改变中，自我报告的睡眠持续时间的差异仍然难以解决。
