PURPOSE

Research has shown worsening physical and mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Trends in general and mental health inequalities during the pandemic in the US have not been analyzed in detail.

METHODS

Using Census Bureau's nationally representative pooled Household Pulse Survey (HPS) from April 2020 to May 2021 (N = 1,144,405), we examined monthly trends and disparities in health status by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES). Logistic regression models and disparity indices were used to analyze trends and inequalities.

RESULTS

During the pandemic, the adjusted odds of fair and/or poor health were, respectively, 33%, 157%, 398%, 22% higher for non-Hispanic others, adults with <high school education, those with income <$25,000, and renters, compared to non-Hispanic Whites, those with ≥master's degree, those with incomes ≥$200,000, and homeowners. The adjusted odds of serious depression were, respectively, 49%, 130%, 25% higher for adults with <high school education, with income <$25,000, and renters, compared to their higher-SES counterparts. Disparity indices show increasing trends in racial and/or ethnic and some SES disparities in general and mental health during the pandemic.

CONCLUSIONS

In light of the rising trends and inequalities in physical and mental health, increased policy efforts are needed to reduce health disparities during the ongoing pandemic and beyond.