Rosenfeld Paul E, Spaeth Kenneth R, Remy Linda L, Byers Vera, Muerth Stuart A, Hallman Ryan C, Summers-Evans Jasmine, Barker Sofia
Soil Water Air Protection Enterprise (SWAPE), 2656 29th Street, Suite 201, Santa Monica, CA, 90405, USA.
Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, NY, USA.
Environ Res. 2023 Mar 1;220:115164. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115164. Epub 2022 Dec 27.
Firefighters are at risk of occupational exposure to long-chain per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), most notably from PFASs present in Class B aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF). Firefighters have been found to have elevated serum levels of long-chain PFASs. Due to the persistence of PFAS chemicals in the human body and their ability to bioaccumulate, firefighters experience the latent and cumulative effects of PFAS-containing AFFF exposure that occurs throughout their careers. This article summarizes the history of AFFF use by firefighters and current AFFF use practices. In addition, this paper describes PFAS levels in firefighter serum, PFAS serum removal pathways, PFAS exposure pathways, and occupational factors affecting PFAS levels in firefighters. International, national, and state agencies have concluded that PFOA, a long-chain PFAS, is potentially carcinogenic and that carcinogens have an additive effect. From the cancer types that may be associated with PFAS exposure, studies on cancer risk among firefighters have shown an elevated risk for thyroid, kidney, bladder, testicular, prostate, and colon cancer. Thus, exposure to PFAS-containing AFFF may contribute to firefighter cancer risk and warrants further research.
消防员面临职业接触长链全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFASs）的风险，最显著的是来自B类水成膜泡沫（AFFF）中存在的PFASs。已发现消防员血清中长链PFASs水平升高。由于PFAS化学物质在人体中的持久性及其生物累积能力，消防员会经历整个职业生涯中含PFAS的AFFF暴露的潜在和累积影响。本文总结了消防员使用AFFF的历史和当前AFFF的使用情况。此外，本文还描述了消防员血清中的PFAS水平、PFAS血清清除途径、PFAS暴露途径以及影响消防员PFAS水平的职业因素。国际、国家和州机构已得出结论，长链PFAS全氟辛酸（PFOA）具有潜在致癌性，且致癌物具有累加效应。从可能与PFAS暴露相关的癌症类型来看，对消防员癌症风险的研究表明，甲状腺癌、肾癌、膀胱癌、睾丸癌、前列腺癌和结肠癌的风险有所升高。因此，接触含PFAS的AFFF可能会增加消防员患癌风险，值得进一步研究。
