A ratiometric self-powered aptasensor for simultaneous detection of cortisol and progesterone based on spatially resolved tri-channel photofuel cell.

In this work, a self-powered sensor was proposed for simultaneous detection of two typical steroid hormones, namely cortisol (COR) and progesterone (P4). A tri-channel photofuel cell (PFC) consisting of three spatially resolved SnS@SnO photoanodes and one Pt cathode was designed to generate the electricity to drive the sensing process under the control of a multiplex switch. Among three photoanodes, one served as the control, while the other two were modified with COR-binding or P4-binding aptamer to respond specifically to the COR or P4 target. The ratios of the inhibited PFC output from aptamer-immobilized photoanodes to the reference signal from the control photoanode were utilized for simultaneous detection of COR and P4. The results showed that the developed self-powered sensor exhibited broad concentration ranges toward targets, with COR concentration ranging from 1 nM to 1000 nM and P4 concentration ranging from 1 nM to 500 nM. The detection limits for COR and P4 were calculated to be 0.88 nM and 0.52 nM, respectively. Moreover, the proposed sensing platform demonstrated high selectivity, good reproducibility, and high stability. Finally, the sensor was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of COR and P4 in a human female serum sample.