Van Remoortel Samuel, Timmermans Jean-Pierre
Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2022;1383:259-269. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-05843-1_25.
Over the past 15 years, the research field on Mas-related G protein-coupled receptors (Mrgprs), a relatively new family of rhodopsin A-like G protein-coupled receptors, has expanded enormously, and a plethora of recent studies have provided evidence that several of these Mrgpr family members play an important role in the underlying mechanisms of itch and pain, as well as in the initiation and modulation of inflammatory/allergic responses. Initial studies mainly focused on the skin, but more recently also visceral organs such as the respiratory and gastrointestinal (GI) tracts emerged as sites for Mrgpr involvement. It has become clear that the gastrointestinal tract and its innervation in close association with the immune system represent a novel expression site for Mrgprs where they contribute to the interoceptive mechanisms maintaining homeostasis and might constitute promising targets in chronic abdominal pain disorders. In this short review, we provide an update of our current knowledge on the expression, distribution, and function of members of this Mrgpr family in intrinsic and extrinsic neuro-immune pathways related to the gastrointestinal tract, their mediatory role(s) in gut neuro-immune signaling, and their involvement in visceral afferent (nociceptive) pathways.
在过去15年里，Mas相关G蛋白偶联受体（Mrgprs）这一相对较新的视紫红质A样G蛋白偶联受体家族的研究领域得到了极大扩展，最近大量研究表明，这些Mrgpr家族成员中的几个在瘙痒和疼痛的潜在机制以及炎症/过敏反应的启动和调节中发挥着重要作用。最初的研究主要集中在皮肤，但最近，呼吸道和胃肠道等内脏器官也成为Mrgpr参与的部位。已经清楚的是，胃肠道及其与免疫系统密切相关的神经支配代表了Mrgprs的一个新表达位点，它们在维持体内平衡的内感受机制中发挥作用，并且可能构成慢性腹痛疾病中有前景的靶点。在这篇简短的综述中，我们提供了关于这个Mrgpr家族成员在与胃肠道相关的内在和外在神经免疫途径中的表达、分布和功能的最新知识，它们在肠道神经免疫信号传导中的介导作用，以及它们在内脏传入（伤害性）途径中的参与情况。
