Infection Disease Control of Institute, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Department of Supervise Sampling, Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Front Public Health. 2022 Dec 15;10:1017050. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1017050. eCollection 2022.
The worldwide emergence and diffusion of extended-spectrum β-lactamase- (ESBL-KP) is of particular concern. Although ESBL-KP can inhabit the human gut asymptomatically, colonization with ESBL-KP is associated with an increased risk of ESBL-KP infection and mortality. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and characteristics of ESBL-KP in fecal samples from healthy persons in 12 villages in Shandong Province, China.
Screening for ESBL-KP in fecal samples was performed by selective cultivation. The bacterial species were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 16 antibiotics were determined by the agar dilution method. Plasmid replicons, antimicrobial resistance genes and Sequence types (STs) of the isolates were determined by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Genetic relatedness of ESBL-KP isolates was determined by the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). The S1 nuclease-pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (S1-PFGE) was used to characterize the plasmids carried by ESBL-KP isolates. Conjugation assays was used to verify the transferability of .
ESBL-KP prevalence rates increased from 12.0% in 2015 to 27.5% in 2017. The experimental results showed that 97% of isolates had multi-drug resistance. Multiple ESBL resistance genotypes were commonly detected in the isolates. STs among the ESBL-KP isolates were diverse. All 69 -positive isolates were located on plasmids, and these genes could be transferred with plasmids between different strains. Phylogenetic analysis showed the possibility of transmission among some isolates.
This study obtained the drug resistance patterns, the drug resistance phenotype and molecular characteristics of fecal-derived ESBL-KP in rural communities in Shandong Province, China. We report a rapid increase in occurrence of ESBL-KP among fecal samples collected from healthy rural residents of Shandong Province from 2015 to 2017. The carriage rate of multidrug-resistant bacteria in healthy residents is increasing. Thus, a need for further monitoring and possible interventions of ESBL-KP in this region is warranted.
超广谱β-内酰胺酶-（ESBL-KP）在世界范围内的出现和传播尤其令人关注。虽然 ESBL-KP 可以无症状地栖息在人类肠道中，但 ESBL-KP 的定植与 ESBL-KP 感染和死亡率增加有关。在这项研究中，我们调查了中国山东省 12 个村庄健康人群粪便样本中 ESBL-KP 的流行率和特征。
通过选择性培养筛选粪便样本中的 ESBL-KP。使用基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF MS）和 16S rDNA 序列分析鉴定细菌种类。通过琼脂稀释法测定 16 种抗生素的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）。通过全基因组测序（WGS）确定分离株的质粒复制子、抗菌药物耐药基因和序列类型（ST）。通过单核苷酸多态性（SNP）确定 ESBL-KP 分离株的遗传相关性。通过单链核苷酸酶脉冲场凝胶电泳（S1-PFGE）对 ESBL-KP 分离株携带的质粒进行特征分析。通过接合试验验证 . 的可转移性。
ESBL-KP 的流行率从 2015 年的 12.0%上升到 2017 年的 27.5%。实验结果表明，97%的分离株具有多药耐药性。在分离株中经常检测到多种 ESBL 耐药基因型。ESBL-KP 分离株的 ST 多种多样。所有 69 个阳性分离株均位于质粒上，这些基因可在不同菌株之间随质粒转移。系统发育分析显示了一些分离株之间传播的可能性。
本研究获得了山东省农村社区粪便来源 ESBL-KP 的耐药模式、耐药表型和分子特征。我们报告了 2015 年至 2017 年期间，山东省农村健康居民粪便样本中 ESBL-KP 发生率的快速增加。健康居民携带的多药耐药菌的携带率正在增加。因此，有必要在该地区进一步监测和可能干预 ESBL-KP。
