Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
Kazakh Research Institute of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry named after U.Uspanov, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
mSystems. 2024 Oct 22;9(10):e0058524. doi: 10.1128/msystems.00585-24. Epub 2024 Sep 17.
This study provides a comprehensive assessment of how urban-rural divides influence gut microbial diversity and composition across the distinct geographical landscapes of Kazakhstan, elucidating the intricate interplay between lifestyle, environment, and gut microbiome. In this prospective cohort study, we enrolled 651 participants from urban centers and rural settlements across Kazakhstan, following ethical approval and informed consent. Comprehensive demographic, dietary, and stool sample data were collected. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomics techniques were employed to delineate the intricate patterns of the gut microbiome. A rigorous statistical framework dissected the interplay between urbanization gradients, geography, dietary lifestyles, and microbial dynamics. Our findings demonstrate a stark microbial divide between urban and rural gut ecosystems. The study found significant differences in gut microbiome diversity and composition between urban and rural populations in Kazakhstan. Urban microbiomes exhibited reduced diversity, higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratios, and increased prevalence of genera and . In contrast, rural populations had greater microbial diversity and abundance of , , and . Urbanization also influenced dietary patterns, with urban areas consuming more salt, cholesterol, and protein, while rural areas had diets richer in carbohydrates and fiber. The study also identified distinct patterns in the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors between urban and rural gut microbiomes. This study sheds light on how urbanization may be deeply involved in shaping the intricate mosaic of the gut microbiome across Kazakhstan's diverse geographical and dietary landscapes, underscoring the complex interplay between environmental exposures, dietary lifestyles, and the microbial residents inhabiting our intestines.
The study examined gut microbiome composition across diverse geographical locations in Kazakhstan, spanning urban centers and rural settlements. This allows for thoroughly investigating how urbanization gradients and geographic factors shape the gut microbiome. The study's examination of the gut resistome and prevalence of virulence-associated genes provide essential insights into the public health implications of urbanization-driven microbiome alterations. Collecting comprehensive demographic, dietary, and stool sample data enables the researchers to better understand the relationships between urbanization, nutritional patterns, and gut microbiome composition. The findings have important implications for understanding how urbanization-driven microbiome changes may impact human health and well-being, paving the way for tailored interventions to restore a balanced gut microbial ecology.
本研究全面评估了城乡鸿沟如何影响哈萨克斯坦不同地理景观中的肠道微生物多样性和组成，阐明了生活方式、环境和肠道微生物组之间的复杂相互作用。在这项前瞻性队列研究中，我们在哈萨克斯坦的城市中心和农村定居点招募了 651 名参与者，遵循伦理批准和知情同意。收集了全面的人口统计学、饮食和粪便样本数据。我们使用 16S rRNA 基因测序和 shotgun 宏基因组学技术来描绘肠道微生物组的复杂模式。一个严格的统计框架剖析了城市化梯度、地理、饮食生活方式和微生物动态之间的相互作用。我们的研究结果表明，城市和农村肠道生态系统之间存在明显的微生物鸿沟。该研究发现，哈萨克斯坦城乡人口的肠道微生物组多样性和组成存在显著差异。城市微生物组的多样性降低，厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门的比例更高，属和的丰度增加。相比之下，农村人群的微生物多样性更大，属、和的丰度更高。城市化还影响了饮食模式，城市地区摄入更多的盐、胆固醇和蛋白质，而农村地区的饮食中碳水化合物和纤维含量更高。该研究还确定了城市和农村肠道微生物组中抗生素耐药基因和毒力因子的流行模式。这项研究揭示了城市化如何深刻地参与塑造哈萨克斯坦多样化的地理和饮食景观中的肠道微生物组的错综复杂的镶嵌体，强调了环境暴露、饮食生活方式和居住在我们肠道中的微生物居民之间的复杂相互作用。
本研究检查了哈萨克斯坦不同地理位置的肠道微生物组组成，涵盖了城市中心和农村定居点。这使得深入研究城市化梯度和地理因素如何塑造肠道微生物组成为可能。该研究对肠道抗药性组和流行的与毒力相关基因的检查提供了有关城市化驱动的微生物组改变对公共卫生影响的重要见解。收集全面的人口统计学、饮食和粪便样本数据使研究人员能够更好地理解城市化、营养模式和肠道微生物组组成之间的关系。这些发现对于理解城市化驱动的微生物组变化如何影响人类健康和福祉具有重要意义，为恢复平衡的肠道微生物生态系统的量身定制干预措施铺平了道路。
