Ning Shuqing, Wu Xinxin, Luo Yunzi
Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao. 2022 Dec 25;38(12):4371-4384. doi: 10.13345/j.cjb.220197.
A new wave of research has been inspired by the CRISPR-Cas system with respect to their application in genome editing. The CRISPR-Cas system can not only be applied in gene knockout and insertion, but also be used in base editing, transcriptional regulation and recombination of gene clusters. However, the low efficiency of homology-directed repair (HDR) limits its application. Unlike the CRISPR-Cas system, mobile genetic elements (MGE) can insert DNA fragments into cell chromosomes without the aid of HDR. Recently, it is reported that CRISPR-related transposable elements can guide targeted DNA insertion. Their transposition mechanisms and reprogramming abilities have brought novel opportunities to the development of this field. This review summarized the research progress and application development of natural CRISPR-related transposable elements in recent years, as well as the applications of fused dCas9-transposase. It proposed the application prospects and potential challenges of CRISPR-related transposable elements in the future, which provided a reference for the development direction of gene editing tools.
CRISPR-Cas系统在基因组编辑中的应用激发了新一轮的研究热潮。CRISPR-Cas系统不仅可应用于基因敲除和插入，还可用于碱基编辑、转录调控以及基因簇的重组。然而，同源定向修复（HDR）效率低下限制了其应用。与CRISPR-Cas系统不同，移动遗传元件（MGE）可在无需HDR协助的情况下将DNA片段插入细胞染色体。最近，有报道称CRISPR相关转座元件可引导靶向DNA插入。它们的转座机制和重编程能力为该领域的发展带来了新机遇。本文综述了近年来天然CRISPR相关转座元件的研究进展和应用开发，以及融合dCas9-转座酶的应用。提出了CRISPR相关转座元件未来的应用前景和潜在挑战，为基因编辑工具的发展方向提供参考。
