Hashem Md Abul, Hasan Mehedi, Hasan Md Anik, Sahen Md Sahariar, Payel Sofia, Mizan Al, Nur-A-Tomal Md Shahruk
Department of Leather Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh.
Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Mar;30(13):39029-39041. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-25070-6. Epub 2023 Jan 3.
In tanneries, limed fleshing is an unavoidable waste generated in beamhouse operation. Proper management of limed fleshing with protein, fat, lime, and sulfide will help to protect the natural environment and at least reduce the pollution that ends up in it. In this study, excluding any pretreatment, limed fleshing is used for compost production. Chopped and mixed limed fleshing with chicken manure, cow dung, and sawdust was heaped onto a horizontal bamboo frame. Three composting heaps were fabricated weighing 720, 700, and 760 kg. The turning of composting materials in the heaps causes temperature changes in the thermophilic range. The thermophilic temperatures in these heaps were 69.07 °C (heap 1), 69.9 °C (heap 2), and 69.19 °C (heap 3) which ensured the death of the pathogenic organism. The quality of compost was assessed based on the nutrients-nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K), and sulfur (S) content. NPKS in the compost fulfils the requirements of the investigated materials as compost. The largest amounts of metals- zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni) of the compost detected in the heaps were, respectively, 200.3, 37.4, 20.3, 12.0, and 3.9 mg/kg. Cadmium (Cd) in the compost was below the detection limit. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs show the decomposing of composting materials. This study indicates that limed fleshing can be converted into nutrient-enriched compost without any pretreatment. Using an easy, simple, and adaptable technique could reduce the volume of solid waste generated in the tannery to reduce environmental pollution.
在制革厂，石灰脱毛是制革准备工段操作中产生的一种不可避免的废弃物。对含有蛋白质、脂肪、石灰和硫化物的石灰脱毛废弃物进行妥善管理，将有助于保护自然环境，并至少减少最终排入其中的污染。在本研究中，未经任何预处理的石灰脱毛废弃物被用于堆肥生产。将切碎并混合了鸡粪、牛粪和锯末的石灰脱毛废弃物堆放在一个水平的竹制框架上。制作了三个堆肥堆，重量分别为720千克、700千克和760千克。堆肥材料的翻动导致堆肥温度在嗜热范围内变化。这些堆肥堆中的嗜热温度分别为69.07℃（堆1）、69.9℃（堆2）和69.19℃（堆3），这确保了致病生物的死亡。基于氮（N）、磷（P）、钾（K）和硫（S）含量等养分对堆肥质量进行了评估。堆肥中的氮磷钾硫满足所研究材料作为堆肥的要求。在这些堆肥堆中检测到的堆肥中含量最高的金属——锌（Zn）、铜（Cu）、铬（Cr）、铅（Pb）和镍（Ni），分别为200.3毫克/千克、37.4毫克/千克、20.3毫克/千克、12.0毫克/千克和3.9毫克/千克。堆肥中的镉（Cd）低于检测限。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）照片显示了堆肥材料的分解情况。本研究表明，未经任何预处理的石灰脱毛废弃物可以转化为富含养分的堆肥。采用一种简单易行且适应性强的技术可以减少制革厂产生的固体废物量，从而减少环境污染。
