Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China.
Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.
Environ Pollut. 2023 Feb 15;319:120992. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120992. Epub 2022 Dec 31.
Repeated and high-dose carbendazim applications have caused serious soil carbendazim contamination, and eco-friendly and economical approaches have been suggested to promote carbendazim removal in agricultural soil. Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is a special recycled resource after harvesting mushrooms and can be utilized in contaminated soil amendment. The SMS application into agricultural soil might increase antibiotic resistance gene abundances, and the health risks of SMS application might be reduced with reasonable management to adjust the related electron transport of soil nitrification or denitrification. In this study, the SMS and nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide were used to remediate agricultural soil contaminated with the carbendazim, and the carbendazim contents, soil microbial biomass, activities and community and human disease genes were determined. Compared to the control treatment, the combined applications of SMS and dicyandiamide significantly decreased soil carbendazim content by 38.14% but significantly enhanced soil β-glucosidase, chitinase, arylsulfatase, urease and electron transfer system activities. The relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were increased by 11.0% and 8.2% with the SMS application, respectively. The carbendazim residues were negatively correlated with the soil pH, electron transfer system activities and relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. The relative abundances of human disease genes were also dramatically increased with the SMS application, but compared to the SMS alone, extra dicyandiamide application significantly reduced the relative abundances of human disease genes in soils. The SMS applications into fungicide-contaminated soils could generate double-edged sword effects of facilitating fungicide dissipation but leading to potential health risk increase, while applying the dicyandiamide with SMS might be an effective strategy to decrease the negative effect of health risk.
重复和高剂量的多菌灵施用量已导致严重的土壤多菌灵污染，因此提出了环保且经济的方法来促进农业土壤中多菌灵的去除。废弃的蘑菇基质（SMS）是蘑菇收获后的一种特殊再循环资源，可用于污染土壤的改良。将 SMS 应用于农业土壤可能会增加抗生素抗性基因丰度，并且通过合理的管理来调整土壤硝化或反硝化相关电子传递，可以降低 SMS 应用的健康风险。在这项研究中，使用 SMS 和硝化抑制剂双氰胺来修复受多菌灵污染的农业土壤，并测定了多菌灵含量、土壤微生物生物量、活性和群落以及人类疾病基因。与对照处理相比，SMS 和双氰胺的联合应用可使土壤中多菌灵含量显著降低 38.14%，但显著增强了土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶、几丁质酶、芳基硫酸酯酶、脲酶和电子传递系统的活性。SMS 的应用分别使变形菌门和放线菌门的相对丰度增加了 11.0%和 8.2%。多菌灵残留量与土壤 pH 值、电子传递系统活性以及变形菌门和放线菌门的相对丰度呈负相关。随着 SMS 的应用，人类疾病基因的相对丰度也显著增加，但与 SMS 单独应用相比，额外添加双氰胺可显著降低土壤中人类疾病基因的相对丰度。将 SMS 应用于杀菌剂污染土壤可能会产生促进杀菌剂降解但增加潜在健康风险的双刃剑效应，而将双氰胺与 SMS 一起应用可能是降低健康风险负面影响的有效策略。
