Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
Biogerontology. 2023 Feb;24(1):1-25. doi: 10.1007/s10522-022-10002-1. Epub 2023 Jan 4.
Adequate levels of androgens (eugonadism), and specifically testosterone, are vital compounds for male quality of life, longevity, and positive health outcomes. Testosterone exerts its effects by binding to the androgen receptor, which is expressed in numerous tissues throughout the body. Significant research has been conducted on the impact of this steroid hormone on skeletal, muscle and adipose tissues and on the cardiovascular, immune, and nervous systems. Testosterone levels have also been studied in relation to the impact of diseases, aging, nutrition and the environment on its circulating levels. Conversely, the impact of testosterone on health has also been evaluated with respect to its cardiac and vascular protective effects, body composition, autoimmunity and all-cause mortality. The male aging process results in decreasing testosterone levels over time. The exact mechanisms and impact of these changes in testosterone levels with age on health- and life-span are still not completely clear. Further research is needed to determine the optimal testosterone and androgen levels to protect from chronic age-related conditions such as frailty and osteoporosis.
雄激素（正常性腺功能），特别是睾酮，处于适当水平对于男性的生活质量、寿命和健康结果至关重要。睾酮通过与雄激素受体结合发挥作用，而雄激素受体在体内许多组织中都有表达。大量研究已经探讨了这种甾体激素对骨骼、肌肉和脂肪组织以及心血管、免疫和神经系统的影响。还研究了睾酮水平与疾病、衰老、营养和环境对其循环水平的影响之间的关系。相反，也评估了睾酮对健康的影响，包括其对心脏和血管的保护作用、身体成分、自身免疫和全因死亡率。男性衰老过程会导致睾酮水平随时间逐渐下降。这些随着年龄增长而发生的睾酮水平变化对健康和寿命的具体机制和影响尚不完全清楚。需要进一步研究来确定最佳的睾酮和雄激素水平，以预防与年龄相关的慢性疾病，如虚弱和骨质疏松症。
