Ayala-Guerrero Lorelei, Claudio-Galeana Sherlyn, Furlan-Magaril Mayra, Castro-Obregón Susana
Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiología, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico.
Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico.
Subcell Biochem. 2023;102:7-51. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-21410-3_2.
Nuclear structure influences genome architecture, which contributes to determine patterns of gene expression. Global changes in chromatin dynamics are essential during development and differentiation, and are one of the hallmarks of ageing. This chapter describes the molecular dynamics of chromatin structure that occur during development and ageing. In the first part, we introduce general information about the nuclear lamina, the chromatin structure, and the 3D organization of the genome. Next, we detail the molecular hallmarks found during development and ageing, including the role of DNA and histone modifications, 3D genome dynamics, and changes in the nuclear lamina. Within the chapter we discuss the implications that genome structure has on the mechanisms that drive development and ageing, and the physiological consequences when these mechanisms fail.
核结构影响基因组架构，而基因组架构有助于决定基因表达模式。染色质动力学的整体变化在发育和分化过程中至关重要，并且是衰老的标志之一。本章描述了发育和衰老过程中发生的染色质结构分子动力学。在第一部分，我们介绍有关核纤层、染色质结构和基因组三维组织的一般信息。接下来，我们详细阐述在发育和衰老过程中发现的分子特征，包括DNA和组蛋白修饰的作用、三维基因组动力学以及核纤层的变化。在本章中，我们讨论基因组结构对驱动发育和衰老的机制的影响，以及这些机制失效时的生理后果。
