Ariana Gardizy, BSN, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Gretchen Lindenfeldar, Bates College, Lewiston, ME, USA.
J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc. 2024 May-Jun;30(3):603-612. doi: 10.1177/10783903221147930. Epub 2023 Jan 4.
Disordered eating is common but underrecognized in people with obesity and the relationship of food insecurity, mood, and binge-spectrum eating disorders has not been well addressed in samples with higher weight. Young adults are particularly vulnerable to developing disordered eating.
The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of food insecurity, depressive symptoms, anxiety, and loneliness among young adults (aged 18-35 years) who screened positive for binge-spectrum eating disorders (i.e., binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa), those with subthreshold forms of these disorders, and individuals who did not screen positive for these conditions.
This was a cross-sectional study of young adults with a self-reported body mass index ≥30 kg/m from the United States who were recruited online. Participants ( = 1,331; ± age = 28.0 ± 3.4 years; body mass index [BMI] = 36.5 ± 6.2 kg/m; 73.9% male; 56.3% White) completed surveys that evaluated disordered eating behaviors, food insecurity, mood, and lifestyle factors.
In the sample, 8.0% of participants screened positive for binge-spectrum eating disorder and 16.0% had probable subthreshold symptoms. Higher depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.03, 1.20], = .01), perceived stress (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = [1.07, 1.19], < .001), and food insecurity scores (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = [1.03, 1.21], = .01) were associated with an increased likelihood of threshold binge-spectrum eating disorders.
People with disordered eating should also be evaluated for mood disorders and food insecurity and vice versa. Further research is needed to evaluate interventions that address food insecurity and mood disorders, which may help to decrease disordered eating.
饮食失调在肥胖人群中很常见，但未得到充分认识，食物不安全、情绪和暴食谱系饮食障碍之间的关系在体重较高的样本中尚未得到很好的解决。年轻人特别容易出现饮食失调。
本研究旨在比较筛查出暴食谱系饮食障碍（即暴食症和神经性贪食症）阳性的年轻成年人（年龄在 18-35 岁之间）、这些障碍亚阈值形式的人和未筛查出这些条件的人的食物不安全、抑郁症状、焦虑和孤独感的发生率。
这是一项横断面研究，在美国招募了自我报告体重指数≥30kg/m2的年轻成年人，他们通过网络进行了招募。参与者（n=1331；平均年龄=28.0±3.4 岁；体重指数[BMI]=36.5±6.2kg/m；73.9%为男性；56.3%为白人）完成了评估饮食失调行为、食物不安全、情绪和生活方式因素的调查。
在样本中，8.0%的参与者筛查出暴食谱系饮食障碍阳性，16.0%有可疑亚阈值症状。较高的抑郁症状（比值比[OR]=1.11，95%置信区间[CI] = [1.03, 1.20]，p=0.01）、感知压力（OR=1.13，95%置信区间[CI] = [1.07, 1.19]，p<.001）和食物不安全评分（OR=1.12，95%置信区间[CI] = [1.03, 1.21]，p=0.01）与更高的暴食谱系饮食障碍发生率相关。
应该对有饮食障碍的人进行情绪障碍和食物不安全的评估，反之亦然。需要进一步研究评估解决食物不安全和情绪障碍的干预措施，这可能有助于减少饮食障碍。
