Nutrition Communications, Cupar, UK.
Faculty of Education and Society, University College London, London, UK.
Proc Nutr Soc. 2023 Sep;82(3):394-405. doi: 10.1017/S0029665123000022. Epub 2023 Jan 6.
Nutrition messages are a central part of policy making as well as communication via product information, advertising, healthcare advice and lifestyle campaigns. However, with amplified information (and misinformation) from a growing number of sources, inconsistent and conflicting food landscapes, and limited engagement from the public, nutrition messaging tensions have become more accentuated than previously. In this review, we focus on the challenges facing those wishing to effect dietary change through communication; and identify opportunities and future research questions Beginning with a new working definition and taxonomy for the term ‘nutrition message’, we consider the evolution of public health nutrition messages from the past century and discuss which types of messages may be more effective. We then turn to the challenges of implementation and highlight specific barriers to recipients' understanding and change. While the evidence has many gaps and there is a need for systematic evaluation of nutrition messages, research indicates that recipients are more likely to act on fewer messages that provide clear benefits and which resonate with their perceived health needs, and which are relatively straightforward to implement. Effectiveness may be improved through consideration of how nutrition messages can be designed to complement key non-health drivers of food choice (taste, cost) and societal/cultural norms. Consistency can be achieved by aligning the wider food and messaging environment to desired public health actions; that is by ensuring that retail settings provide and signpost healthier choices, and that mass media nutrition messages work with, not against, public health advice.
营养信息是政策制定以及通过产品信息、广告、医疗保健建议和生活方式宣传进行沟通的核心部分。然而，由于越来越多的来源放大了信息（包括错误信息）、不一致和相互冲突的食品环境以及公众参与度有限，营养信息传递的紧张局势比以往更加突出。在这篇综述中，我们专注于那些希望通过沟通来实现饮食改变所面临的挑战；并确定机会和未来的研究问题。
我们从“营养信息”一词的新工作定义和分类法开始，考虑了过去一个世纪公共卫生营养信息的演变，并讨论了哪些类型的信息可能更有效。然后，我们转向实施面临的挑战，并强调了理解和改变的具体障碍。虽然证据存在许多空白，需要对营养信息进行系统评估，但研究表明，提供明确益处并与他们感知的健康需求产生共鸣且相对易于实施的信息，更有可能引起接受者的行动。
通过考虑如何设计营养信息以补充食物选择的关键非健康驱动因素（口味、成本）和社会/文化规范，可以提高有效性。通过使更广泛的食品和信息环境与期望的公共卫生行动保持一致，可以实现一致性；也就是说，要确保零售环境提供并指明更健康的选择，并且大众媒体的营养信息与公共卫生建议合作，而不是与之对抗。
