Guo Juanjuan, Shang Xuke, Chen Peilin, Huang Xiaozhou
College of Oceanology and Food Sciences, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China; College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
College of Oceanology and Food Sciences, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China; College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
Carbohydr Polym. 2023 Feb 15;302:120374. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120374. Epub 2022 Nov 21.
Carrageenan is a common additive, but mounting studies have reported that it may cause or aggravate inflammation in the intestines. The safety of carrageenan remains controversial and its inflammatory mechanisms are unclear. In this review, the pathogenesis of colitis by carrageenans was discussed. We analyzed the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, followed that line of thought, the existing evidence of carrageenans causing colitis in cellular and animal models was summarized to draw its colitis pathogenesis. Two pathways were described including: 1) carrageenan changed the composition of intestinal microbiota, especially Akkermansia muciniphila, which destroyed the mucosal barrier and triggered the inflammatory immune response; and 2) carrageenan directly contacted with receptors on epithelial cells and activated the NF-κB inflammatory pathway. This review aim to provide guidance for exploring the treatment of colitis caused by carrageenan, and safe processing and utilization of carrageenan in food industry, which is worthy of study in the future.
角叉菜胶是一种常见的添加剂，但越来越多的研究报告称，它可能会引发或加剧肠道炎症。角叉菜胶的安全性仍存在争议，其炎症机制尚不清楚。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了角叉菜胶引发结肠炎的发病机制。我们分析了炎症性肠病的发病机制，并沿着这一思路，总结了角叉菜胶在细胞和动物模型中引发结肠炎的现有证据，以得出其结肠炎发病机制。文中描述了两条途径，包括：1）角叉菜胶改变了肠道微生物群的组成，尤其是嗜黏蛋白阿克曼氏菌，这破坏了黏膜屏障并引发炎症免疫反应；2）角叉菜胶直接与上皮细胞上的受体接触并激活NF-κB炎症通路。本综述旨在为探索角叉菜胶所致结肠炎的治疗方法以及角叉菜胶在食品工业中的安全加工和利用提供指导，这值得未来进一步研究。
