[中医中的地理观]

[Geographical views in traditional Chinese medicine].

作者信息

Zhang Xiao-Bo, Guo Lan-Ping, Zhang Wei, Tang Zhi-Shu, Huang Lu-Qi

机构信息

State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China.

Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China.

出版信息

Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2022 Dec;47(23):6287-6296. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20220624.101.

Abstract

Interdisciplinary integration is a major feature of current scientific and technological development and also an inherent demand of economic and social development. The classic works in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), such as Huangdi's Internal Classic(Huang Di Nei Jing) and Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica(Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing), contain rich and distinctive geographic ideas about the origin of Chinese medicine and prescriptions. There are many TCM schools and the distribution of each school has obvious geographical characteristics. The difference in geographical space is a major factor causing the difference in schools. There have been records of drugs and places of origin in previous documents of the Han Dynasty. Many drug names in Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica begin with ancient country names or ancient place names, indicating that the compilers attached great importance to the relationship between drugs and places of origin. Doctors in the Tang Dynasty have realized that the quality of medicinal materials was closely related to the place of origin, and each place of origin had herbalists to support the harvesting. The national yearly harvested drugs were all distributed with the places of origin. In the Song Dynasty, there were more records about the origin of drugs than in the Tang Dynasty, and the drawings attached to the Materia Medica Arranged According to Pattern(Zheng Lei Ben Cao) were titled with the names of the origins. In the Jin and Yuan dynasties, the literature on Chinese materia medica inherited the relationship between the origin and quality of drugs and contained rich geographical views in the "medication method". In the Ming Dynasty, the literature on Chinese materia medica was the first to clearly label the Daodi origin, and recognized the differences in quality and application of drugs between different origins. In the Qing Dynasty, doctors realized that there were variations and differences in the origins of drugs used by doctors in different periods, and the problem of origin was one of the reasons for the ineffectiveness of drugs. During the period of the Republic of China, doctors also paid great attention to the relationship between the origin of drugs and the quality of drugs, and the changes in the origin of drugs. TCM and geography share a common philosophical foundation. To inherit and develop the experience of doctors in the past dynasties on the relationship between drugs and origins, it is necessary to combine "Chinese materia medica" with "geography" to carry out the research on the geography of Chinese medicine, conduct multidisciplinary integration, build a new way to inherit and innovate the essence of TCM, promote the connection between philosophy of Yi, medical science, pharmacology, and geography, better serve the production practice of TCM, and promote the solution of problems related to the development of the Chinese medicine industry.

摘要

学科交叉融合是当前科技发展的一大特点,也是经济社会发展的内在需求。中医经典著作,如《黄帝内经》《神农本草经》等,蕴含着丰富且独特的关于中药起源及方剂的地域思想。中医流派众多,各流派分布具有明显的地域特征。地理空间差异是导致流派差异的主要因素。汉代以前的文献就有药物及产地的记载。《神农本草经》中的许多药物名称以古国名或古地名开头,表明编纂者十分重视药物与产地的关系。唐代医家已认识到药材质量与产地密切相关,各地有药农支持采药,全国每年采收的药物均按产地分配。宋代关于药物产地的记载比唐代更多,《证类本草》所附图谱以产地命名。金元时期,本草文献继承了药物产地与质量的关系,在“用药法象”中蕴含丰富的地域观。明代本草文献首次明确标注道地药材产地,认识到不同产地药物质量及应用的差异。清代医家意识到不同时期医家用药产地存在变迁与差异,产地问题是药物疗效不佳的原因之一。民国时期,医家也十分重视药物产地与质量的关系以及药物产地的变化。中医与地理学有着共同的哲学基础。要继承和发展历代医家关于药物与产地关系的经验,有必要将“本草学”与“地理学”结合起来开展中医地理学研究,进行多学科融合,构建传承创新中医精华的新途径,促进易学、医学、药学与地理学的联系,更好地服务于中医生产实践,推动解决中医药产业发展相关问题。

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