Pedrosa Lucas de Freitas, Fabi João Paulo
Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Food and Nutrition Research Center (NAPAN), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2024 Jun;64(18):6177-6197. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2164245. Epub 2023 Jan 6.
Colorectal cancer is the third most incident and second most lethal type of cancer worldwide. Lifestyle and dietary patterns are the key factors for higher disease development risk. The dietary fiber intake from fruits and vegetables, mainly formed by food hydrocolloids, can help to lower the incidence of this type of neoplasia. Different food polysaccharides have applications in anti-tumoral therapy, such as coadjuvant to mainstream drugs, carriage-like properties, or direct influence on tumoral cells. Some classes include inulin, β-glucans, pectins, fucoidans, alginates, mucilages, and gums. Therefore, it is fundamental to discuss colorectal cancer mechanisms and the roles played by different polysaccharides in intestinal health. Genetic, environmental, and immunological modulation of mutated pathways regarding colorectal cancer has been explored before. Microbial diversity, byproduct formation (primarily short-chain fatty acids), inflammatory profile control, and tumoral mutated pathways regulation are thoroughly explored mechanisms by which dietary fiber sources influence a healthy gut ambiance.
结直肠癌是全球第三大常见癌症和第二大致命癌症。生活方式和饮食模式是疾病发生风险较高的关键因素。水果和蔬菜中的膳食纤维摄入量，主要由食物水胶体构成，有助于降低这类肿瘤的发病率。不同的食物多糖在抗肿瘤治疗中具有应用价值，例如作为主流药物的辅助剂、具有载体样特性或对肿瘤细胞有直接影响。其中一些类别包括菊粉、β-葡聚糖、果胶、岩藻依聚糖、藻酸盐、黏液和树胶。因此，讨论结直肠癌的发病机制以及不同多糖在肠道健康中所起的作用至关重要。此前已经探讨了结直肠癌相关突变途径的遗传、环境和免疫调节。膳食纤维来源影响健康肠道环境的机制包括微生物多样性、副产物形成（主要是短链脂肪酸）、炎症特征控制和肿瘤突变途径调节，这些机制已得到充分研究。
