利用冷冻电镜可视化脂膜结构：过去、现在和未来。
Visualizing lipid membrane structure with cryo-EM: past, present, and future.
机构信息
Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, U.S.A.
Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, U.S.A.
出版信息
Emerg Top Life Sci. 2023 Mar 31;7(1):55-65. doi: 10.1042/ETLS20220090.
The development of electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM) has evolved immensely in the last several decades and is now well-established in the analysis of protein structure both in isolation and in their cellular context. This review focuses on the history and application of cryo-EM to the analysis of membrane architecture. Parallels between the levels of organization of protein structure are useful in organizing the discussion of the unique parameters that influence membrane structure and function. Importantly, the timescales of lipid motion in bilayers with respect to the timescales of sample vitrification is discussed and reveals what types of membrane structure can be reliably extracted in cryo-EM images of vitrified samples. Appreciating these limitations, a review of the application of cryo-EM to examine the lateral organization of ordered and disordered domains in reconstituted and biologically derived membranes is provided. Finally, a brief outlook for further development and application of cryo-EM to the analysis of membrane architecture is provided.
电子冷冻显微镜（cryo-EM）的发展在过去几十年中取得了巨大的进步，现在已经在蛋白质结构的分析中得到了广泛应用，无论是在孤立状态下还是在细胞环境中。本文重点介绍了 cryo-EM 在分析膜结构方面的历史和应用。蛋白质结构的组织层次之间的相似性有助于组织关于影响膜结构和功能的独特参数的讨论。重要的是，讨论了双层中脂质运动与样品玻璃化的时间尺度之间的关系，并揭示了在玻璃化样品的 cryo-EM 图像中可以可靠提取哪种类型的膜结构。了解这些局限性后，本文回顾了 cryo-EM 在检查重组和生物衍生膜中有序和无序域的侧向组织方面的应用。最后，简要展望了 cryo-EM 在膜结构分析中的进一步发展和应用。
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