Norwegian Directorate for Children, Youth and Family Affaires, Bomvegen 3, 7725 Steinkjer, Norway; Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Norway.
Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University, Herzlyia, Israel; Cohen Hariss Resilience Center Tel-Aviv Israel and Brill Mental Health Center, Clalit health Sercivses, Tel Aviv, Israel.
J Affect Disord. 2023 Mar 15;325:354-359. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.158. Epub 2023 Jan 3.
Adolescents' exposure to stressful life events (SLEs) is highly prevalent and increases their risk of developing depression considerably. A small number of studies have addressed the extent to which resilience factors, such as the ability to emotionally regulate, mediate the relationship between SLEs and depression. This study examined whether emotion regulation mediates and significantly attenuates the direct path between SLEs and depressive symptoms in a nonclinical sample of adolescents.
A sample of 235 first- and second-year high-school students completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, the Risk Factor Questionnaire, and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Mean age was 16.9 (SD = 1.8) years, and 65 % (n = 152) of the participants were female. To assess for mediation, a regression-based path analysis approach was used.
SLEs were significantly (t = 5.13, p < 0.001) associated with depressive symptoms, explaining 59.1 % of the total variance. Controlling for the mediation variable (emotion regulation), we found a reduced but statistically significant direct effect (t = 2.87, p = 0.005) between SLEs and depressive symptoms. A statistically significant indirect effect explaining 64.6 % of the total effect demonstrated partial mediation from stressful life events to depressive symptoms via emotion regulation.
Our analyses are based on correlational and cross-sectional data and thus exclude statistical examination of temporal causal relationships, and assessments of whether reported affects are stable over time.
Our results indicate that interventions that can modify the ability to regulate emotions may help reduce depressive symptoms in at-risk adolescents.
青少年经历压力性生活事件（SLEs）的情况非常普遍，这大大增加了他们患抑郁症的风险。少数研究已经探讨了韧性因素（如情绪调节能力）在多大程度上介由 SLEs 和抑郁之间的关系。本研究检验了在非临床青少年样本中，情绪调节是否在 SLEs 和抑郁症状之间的直接关系中起中介作用，并显著减弱该关系。
一个由 235 名一年级和二年级高中生组成的样本完成了抑郁焦虑压力量表、风险因素问卷和情绪调节困难量表。平均年龄为 16.9 岁（标准差=1.8），65%（n=152）的参与者为女性。为了评估中介作用，使用了基于回归的路径分析方法。
SLEs 与抑郁症状显著相关（t=5.13，p<0.001），解释了总方差的 59.1%。在控制中介变量（情绪调节）后，我们发现 SLEs 和抑郁症状之间的直接效应仍然显著（t=2.87，p=0.005）。一个具有统计学意义的间接效应，解释了总效应的 64.6%，表明情绪调节在 SLEs 和抑郁症状之间存在部分中介作用。
我们的分析基于相关和横断面数据，因此排除了对时间因果关系的统计检验，以及对报告的影响是否随时间稳定的评估。
我们的结果表明，能够改变情绪调节能力的干预措施可能有助于减少高危青少年的抑郁症状。
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