College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
Institute of County Economic Development & Rural Revitalization Strategy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Dec 30;20(1):650. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20010650.
A supply of high-quality cultural tourism products effectively promotes people's happiness. This study takes the coupling and coordination relationship between cultural tourism (CT) and objective well-being (OWB) in western China as the research object and constructs an index evaluation system for the development levels of cultural tourism and objective welfare, which are divided into three development stages of dysfunctional, transitional, and coordinated development and 10 coordination levels, including high-quality coordination. The entropy weight method, coupled coordination model, Thiel index, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation were used to calculate the comprehensive development index and coupling coordination degree of the CT and OWB systems in western China from 2007 to 2020, and then their evolution characteristics were analyzed from the perspectives of time and space. The results show the following: (1) The comprehensive development capacity of the CT and OWB systems in the western region shows a relatively consistent growth trend except for 2020, the overall development capacity of objective welfare was relatively high, and the development capacity of cultural tourism was relatively low. (2) The CT and OWB systems were in a state of transition from high coupling and low coordination to high coupling and high coordination, which were divided into three development stages: imbalanced stage (2007-2008), transitional stage (2009-2011), and coordinated development (2012-2020). The coordination degree has developed steadily from moderate misalignment to good coordination over time, and the diversified characteristics of coupling coordination levels are obvious. (3) The spatial equilibrium of the CT and OWB systems is obvious, and the spatial difference in the western region is getting smaller, but the relative gap is widening significantly. (4) The comprehensive development capacity of the cultural tourism system should be enhanced, the spiritual needs of residents based on objective well-being should be met, and the sustainable development of the CT and OWB systems.
高质量的文化旅游产品供给有效促进了人们的幸福感。本研究以中国西部地区文化旅游（CT）与客观幸福感（OWB）的耦合协调关系为研究对象，构建了文化旅游发展水平和客观福利的指标评价体系，分为功能失调、过渡和协调发展三个发展阶段和 10 个协调水平，包括高质量协调。利用熵权法、耦合协调模型、泰尔指数、标准差和变异系数，计算了 2007 年至 2020 年中国西部地区 CT 和 OWB 系统的综合发展指数和耦合协调度，然后从时间和空间两个角度分析了它们的演变特征。结果表明：（1）除 2020 年外，西部地区 CT 和 OWB 系统的综合发展能力均呈较为一致的增长趋势，客观福利的整体发展能力较高，文化旅游的发展能力较低。（2）CT 和 OWB 系统从高耦合低协调向高耦合高协调过渡，分为三个发展阶段：不平衡阶段（2007-2008 年）、过渡阶段（2009-2011 年）和协调发展阶段（2012-2020 年）。协调度随时间从中度失配稳步发展到良好协调，耦合协调水平的多样化特征明显。（3）CT 和 OWB 系统的空间均衡性明显，西部地区的空间差异越来越小，但相对差距显著扩大。（4）应增强文化旅游系统的综合发展能力，满足居民基于客观幸福感的精神需求，实现 CT 和 OWB 系统的可持续发展。
