Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Public Health & Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Nutrients. 2022 Dec 21;15(1):25. doi: 10.3390/nu15010025.
Background: Indonesia is undergoing a rapid nutrition transition—a shift in food consumption related to globalization, modernization, urbanization, and economic development—with potentially adverse impacts on diets, health, and the environment. This study sought to understand the perspectives of a multi-disciplinary group of experts on the effects of the nutrition transition on dietary behaviors, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, and the food environment in Indonesia. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted online with 27 Indonesian experts, who are either healthcare providers, nutrition researchers, or environmental researchers. Interview question guides were developed based on a socio-ecological framework. We analyzed the data using deductive and inductive approaches. Results: Experts described a disconnect between awareness about and adherence to healthy diets among Indonesians. They highlighted a marked generational divide in food preferences between the younger population (<40y) and older population (40y+), due to the nutrition transition. Experts perceived that the nutrition transition has also resulted in more eating out, which promotes obesity, through the unhealthy menu offerings from restaurants. Experts also implied that traditional diets are no better than modern diets, due to unhealthy cooking practices, especially frying; suggesting that the combination of higher consumption of fast foods and unhealthy cooking practices may have worsened CVD risk factors in the population. Conclusion: Multi-disciplinary experts indicated that the nutrition transition has negatively impacted diets, health, and food environment in Indonesia. Our findings offer potential hypotheses that can be tested using quantitative approaches, to inform policy and the design of programs to reduce the adverse impacts of the nutrition transition in Indonesia.
印度尼西亚正在经历快速的营养转型——与全球化、现代化、城市化和经济发展相关的食物消费转变，这可能对饮食、健康和环境产生不利影响。本研究旨在了解多学科专家小组对营养转型对印度尼西亚饮食行为、心血管疾病（CVD）风险因素和食物环境影响的看法。方法：对 27 名印度尼西亚专家进行了在线深入访谈，他们是医疗保健提供者、营养研究人员或环境研究人员。访谈指南是根据社会生态框架制定的。我们使用演绎和归纳方法分析数据。结果：专家们描述了印度尼西亚人对健康饮食的认识和遵守之间存在脱节。他们强调了年轻人口（<40 岁）和老年人口（40 岁以上）之间在食物偏好上的明显代际差异，这是营养转型的结果。专家们认为，营养转型也导致了更多外出就餐，由于餐馆提供的不健康菜单，这促进了肥胖。专家们还暗示，由于不健康的烹饪做法，尤其是油炸，传统饮食并不比现代饮食好，这表明快餐消费的增加和不健康的烹饪做法可能使人群的 CVD 风险因素恶化。结论：多学科专家表示，营养转型对印度尼西亚的饮食、健康和食物环境产生了负面影响。我们的研究结果提供了潜在的假设，可以使用定量方法进行检验，为印度尼西亚的政策和方案设计提供信息，以减少营养转型的不利影响。
