Institute of Population Research/China Center on Population Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
National Research Institute for Health and Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China.
Nutrients. 2022 Dec 27;15(1):126. doi: 10.3390/nu15010126.
Objective: Maternal dietary undernutrition is known to be associated with the risk of vitamin D (VD) deficiency. However, whether the risk of VD deficiency in women of reproductive age is influenced by the interaction between passive smoking and inadequate nutrition remains unknown. The aim of this study is to explore the interaction between passive smoking and dietary undernutrition on the risk of VD deficiency. Methods: A population-based case−control study including 1151 non-pregnant women of reproductive age between 18 and 40 years old was conducted in Henan Province, China from 2009 to 2010. Blood samples and information on exposure factors were collected. The prevalence of VD deficiency was estimated based on a result of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] < 26.0 ng/mL. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the risk of VD deficiency. Results: The prevalence of VD deficiency was 61.5%. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the interactions between passive smoking and no nutritional supplementation, passive smoking and insufficient egg intake, and passive smoking and insufficient milk dairy products intake were associated with the risk of VD deficiency, and the adjusted ORs were 3.40 (95% CI 2.26−5.13), 2.87 (95% CI 2.20−4.10), and 2.18 (95% CI 1.33−3.58), respectively. The interaction coefficients were calculated to be 2.35, 2.79, and 1.70, respectively, indicating there were significant interaction effects, as all of the coefficients were higher than 1. Conclusions: Our findings present that the risk of VD deficiency was potentially influenced by interactions between passive smoking and inadequate nutrition. Passive smoking might strengthen the effect of inadequate nutrition on the risk of VD deficiency among rural women of reproductive age. More attention should be paid to the health education and nutritional status improvement of women of reproductive age, especially in rural areas of developing countries.
已知母体饮食营养不足与维生素 D（VD）缺乏的风险相关。然而，育龄妇女的 VD 缺乏风险是否受到被动吸烟和营养不足之间相互作用的影响仍不清楚。本研究旨在探讨被动吸烟与饮食营养不足对 VD 缺乏风险的相互作用。
2009 年至 2010 年，在中国河南省进行了一项基于人群的病例对照研究，共纳入 1151 名 18 至 40 岁的非孕妇育龄妇女。采集血样和暴露因素信息。根据血清 25-羟维生素 D [25(OH)D] < 26.0ng/mL 的结果估计 VD 缺乏的患病率。采用多变量 logistic 回归分析探讨 VD 缺乏的风险。
VD 缺乏的患病率为 61.5%。在调整了潜在混杂因素后，被动吸烟与无营养补充、被动吸烟与鸡蛋摄入不足、被动吸烟与牛奶乳制品摄入不足之间的相互作用与 VD 缺乏的风险相关，调整后的 OR 值分别为 3.40（95%CI 2.26−5.13）、2.87（95%CI 2.20−4.10）和 2.18（95%CI 1.33−3.58）。计算交互作用系数分别为 2.35、2.79 和 1.70，表明存在显著的交互作用，因为所有系数均高于 1。
本研究结果表明，VD 缺乏的风险可能受到被动吸烟与营养不足之间相互作用的影响。被动吸烟可能会增强营养不足对农村育龄妇女 VD 缺乏风险的影响。应该更加关注育龄妇女的健康教育和营养状况改善，特别是在发展中国家的农村地区。
