Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain.
Departamento de Bioquímica Médica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain.
Nutrients. 2023 Jan 1;15(1):224. doi: 10.3390/nu15010224.
In 2010, the Mediterranean diet was recognized by UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Olive oil is the most characteristic food of this diet due to its high nutraceutical value. The positive effects of olive oil have often been attributed to its minor components; however, its oleic acid (OA) content (70-80%) is responsible for its many health properties. OA is an effective biomolecule, although the mechanism by which OA mediates beneficial physiological effects is not fully understood. OA influences cell membrane fluidity, receptors, intracellular signaling pathways, and gene expression. OA may directly regulate both the synthesis and activities of antioxidant enzymes. The anti-inflammatory effect may be related to the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines and the activation of anti-inflammatory ones. The best-characterized mechanism highlights OA as a natural activator of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). Oleoylethanolamide (OEA), derived from OA, is an endogenous ligand of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) nuclear receptor. OEA regulates dietary fat intake and energy homeostasis and has therefore been suggested to be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of obesity. OEA has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The beneficial effects of olive oil may be related to the actions of OEA. New evidence suggests that oleic acid may influence epigenetic mechanisms, opening a new avenue in the exploration of therapies based on these mechanisms. OA can exert beneficial anti-inflammatory effects by regulating microRNA expression. In this review, we examine the cellular reactions and intracellular processes triggered by OA in T cells, macrophages, and neutrophils in order to better understand the immune modulation exerted by OA.
2010 年，地中海饮食被联合国教科文组织认定为人类非物质文化遗产。橄榄油是这种饮食中最具特色的食物，因为它具有很高的营养保健价值。橄榄油的积极作用通常归因于其微量成分；然而，其油酸（OA）含量（70-80%）是其许多健康特性的原因。OA 是一种有效的生物分子，尽管 OA 介导有益生理效应的机制尚未完全了解。OA 影响细胞膜流动性、受体、细胞内信号通路和基因表达。OA 可能直接调节抗氧化酶的合成和活性。抗炎作用可能与抑制促炎细胞因子和激活抗炎细胞因子有关。研究最充分的机制突出了 OA 作为 SIRT1（沉默调节因子 1）的天然激活剂的作用。OA 衍生的油酰乙醇酰胺（OEA）是过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α（PPARα）核受体的内源性配体。OEA 调节膳食脂肪摄入和能量稳态，因此被认为是治疗肥胖的潜在治疗剂。OEA 具有抗炎和抗氧化作用。橄榄油的有益作用可能与 OEA 的作用有关。新的证据表明，油酸可能影响表观遗传机制，为基于这些机制的治疗方法开辟了新的途径。OA 可以通过调节 microRNA 表达来发挥有益的抗炎作用。在这篇综述中，我们研究了 OA 在 T 细胞、巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞中引发的细胞反应和细胞内过程，以便更好地理解 OA 发挥的免疫调节作用。
