Pontone Matteo, Giovannini Mattia, Barni Simona, Mori Francesca, Venturini Elisabetta, Galli Luisa, Valleriani Claudia, Vecillas Leticia De Las, Sackesen Cansin, Lopata Andreas Ludwig, Buyuktiryaki Betul
Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy;
Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2023 Jan 1;51(1):98-109. doi: 10.15586/aei.v51i1.692. eCollection 2023.
Anisakids are nematodes responsible for different clinical patterns in humans. The well-known human-infecting Anisakis species include members of the (AS) complex. Humans usually contract anisakiasis through ingestion of raw or undercooked seafood containing Anisakis larvae. Once Anisakis has been ingested, patients may develop disease driven directly by Anisakis larvae and/or by allergic reaction due to this nematode. The capability of inducing allergic reactions depends on the expression of specific antigens by nematodes and host factors. This study aims to resume actual knowledge about AS and Anisakiasis with regard to epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Particular attention is paid to Anisakis allergens and their cross-reactivity on available diagnostic methods, and defining a diagnostic pathway for Anisakis allergy. Because only a few data are available in the literature about pediatric population, we focus on this group of patients specifically.
异尖线虫是导致人类出现不同临床症状的线虫。著名的感染人类的异尖线虫物种包括（AS）复合体的成员。人类通常通过摄入含有异尖线虫幼虫的生的或未煮熟的海鲜而感染异尖线虫病。一旦摄入异尖线虫，患者可能会因异尖线虫幼虫直接引发疾病和/或因这种线虫引发过敏反应。诱导过敏反应的能力取决于线虫特定抗原的表达和宿主因素。本研究旨在总结关于（AS）复合体和异尖线虫病在流行病学、病理生理学、临床表现、诊断和治疗方面的现有知识。特别关注异尖线虫过敏原及其在现有诊断方法上的交叉反应，并确定异尖线虫过敏的诊断途径。由于文献中关于儿科人群的数据很少，我们特别关注这组患者。
