Davis Louise, Jowett Sophia, Sörman Daniel, Ekelund Rebecka
Department of Psychology, Umeå University and Umeå School of Sports Science, Umeå, Sweden.
School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
J Sports Sci. 2022 Nov;40(21):2424-2436. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2022.2162240. Epub 2023 Jan 8.
The correlates of coach-athlete relationship quality have been the focus of research for over a decade; however, little is known about the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying these associations. The present study conducted a moderated mediation analysis to examine (a) the mediating role of communication strategies (via COMPASS) on the association between the quality of the coach-athlete relationship and athlete psychological needs satisfaction and (b) whether individual differences in athletes' attachment style (secure, anxious, avoidant) moderates the mediational relationship. 350 Swedish athletes representing a range of sports and competition levels completed a multi-section questionnaire. Mediation and moderation analysis partially found that coach-athlete relationship quality and athletes basic psychological needs were associated via the COMPASS strategies of support, motivation, assurance and openness. It was also found that athletes secure attachment with their coach significantly moderated the mediated effects of motivation and support. These findings highlight the practical utility of motivation, support, openness and assurance strategies in enhancing the quality of the coach-athlete relationship. Moreover, these findings demonstrate that the attachment orientation of athletes towards their coaches play a significant role in determining what communication strategies to use to enhance both the relationship quality and an athlete's competence, autonomy and relatedness.
教练-运动员关系质量的相关因素已成为十多年来的研究重点；然而，对于这些关联背后的中介和调节机制却知之甚少。本研究进行了一项有调节的中介分析，以检验：（a）沟通策略（通过COMPASS）在教练-运动员关系质量与运动员心理需求满足之间的关联中所起的中介作用；以及（b）运动员依恋风格（安全型、焦虑型、回避型）的个体差异是否会调节这种中介关系。350名来自不同运动项目和比赛水平的瑞典运动员完成了一份多部分问卷。中介和调节分析部分发现，教练-运动员关系质量与运动员基本心理需求之间通过支持、激励、保证和开放的COMPASS策略存在关联。研究还发现，运动员与教练的安全依恋显著调节了激励和支持的中介效应。这些发现凸显了激励、支持、开放和保证策略在提升教练-运动员关系质量方面的实际效用。此外，这些发现表明，运动员对教练的依恋取向在决定采用何种沟通策略来提升关系质量以及运动员的能力、自主性和归属感方面起着重要作用。
