Bastazini Vinicius A G, Galiana Núria, Hillebrand Helmut, Estiarte Marc, Ogaya Romá, Peñuelas Josep, Sommer Ulrich, Montoya José M
Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, French National Center for Scientific Research and Paul Sabatier University, Moulis, France.
Institute for Chemistry and Biology of Marine Environments (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
Glob Ecol Biogeogr. 2021 Jul;30(7):1545-1554. doi: 10.1111/geb.13308. Epub 2021 Apr 29.
The aim was to evaluate the effects of climate warming on biodiversity across spatial scales (i.e., α-, β- and γ-diversity) and the effects of patch openness and experimental context on diversity responses.
Global.
1995-2017.
Fungi, invertebrates, phytoplankton, plants, seaweed, soil microbes and zooplankton.
We compiled data from warming experiments and conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of warming on different components of diversity (such as species richness and equivalent numbers) at different spatial scales (α-, β- and γ-diversity, partitioning β-diversity into species turnover and nestedness components). We also investigated how these effects were modulated by system openness, defined as the possibility of replicates being colonized by new species, and experimental context (duration, mean temperature change and ecosystem type).
Experimental warming did not affect local species richness (α-diversity) but decreased effective numbers of species by affecting species dominance. Warming increased species spatial turnover (β-diversity), although no significant changes were detected at the regional scale (γ-diversity). Site openness and experimental context did not significantly affect our results, despite significant heterogeneity in the effect sizes of α- and β-diversity.
Our meta-analysis shows that the effects of warming on biodiversity are scale dependent. The local and regional inventory diversity remain unaltered, whereas species composition across temperature gradients and the patterns of species dominance change with temperature, creating novel communities that might be harder to predict.
本研究旨在评估气候变暖对不同空间尺度（即α多样性、β多样性和γ多样性）生物多样性的影响，以及斑块开放性和实验背景对多样性响应的影响。
全球。
1995 - 2017年。
真菌、无脊椎动物、浮游植物、植物、海藻、土壤微生物和浮游动物。
我们收集了来自增温实验的数据，并进行了一项荟萃分析，以评估增温对不同空间尺度（α多样性、β多样性和γ多样性，将β多样性划分为物种周转和嵌套性成分）下多样性不同组成部分（如物种丰富度和等效数量）的影响。我们还研究了这些影响如何受到系统开放性（定义为新物种定殖到重复样本中的可能性）和实验背景（持续时间、平均温度变化和生态系统类型）的调节。
实验性增温并未影响当地物种丰富度（α多样性），但通过影响物种优势度降低了物种的等效数量。增温增加了物种的空间周转（β多样性），尽管在区域尺度（γ多样性）上未检测到显著变化。尽管α多样性和β多样性的效应大小存在显著异质性，但地点开放性和实验背景并未对我们的结果产生显著影响。
我们的荟萃分析表明，增温对生物多样性的影响具有尺度依赖性。当地和区域的物种清单多样性保持不变，而跨温度梯度的物种组成和物种优势度模式随温度变化，形成了可能更难预测的新群落。
