Joachim Anja, Unterköfler Maria Sophia, Strobl Anja, Bakran-Lebl Karin, Fuehrer Hans-Peter, Leschnik Michael
Institute of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria.
Clinical Unit of Internal Medicine Small Animals, Department of Companion Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria.
Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports. 2023 Jan;37:100820. doi: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2022.100820. Epub 2022 Dec 20.
A retrospective study on 699 cases of canine babesiosis presented to veterinary clinics in eastern Austria were evaluated for the location where infection had presumably taken place. Of these, 542 (77.54%) had acquired the infection in Austria, while the majority of non-autochthonous cases came from neighboring countries, most notable Hungary. Both groups were recorded primarily in Vienna, eastern Lower Austria and Burgenland, but cases from the southern (Styria, Carinthia) and western (Upper Austria, Tyrol, Salzburg) provinces of the country were also recorded. Records were made all year round, with most cases in spring (46.6%) and fall (48.4%). The annual cases ranged from four to 58 (mean: 31.8) with large fluctuations and no visible trend for an in- or decrease. The tick vector of Babesia canis, Dermacentor reticulatus, is present in Austria but displays a very patchy distribution, and its occurrence and activity are not readily foretold, which might be a reason why its presumably increasing density in Europe is not reflected by increased incidences of canine babesiosis. Another factor that may influence the numbers of cases per year could be the application (or non-application) of acaricidal or repellent compounds. A limitation of this study is that bias is exerted by the location of the participating clinics, and by the unknown rate of infections that does not induce clinical symptoms and is likely not presented in veterinary practices and clinics. The data, however, clearly show that at least the lowlands of Austria are endemic for B. canis, and appropriate tick control must be advised all year round.
对奥地利东部兽医诊所收治的699例犬巴贝斯虫病病例进行了一项回顾性研究，以评估可能发生感染的地点。其中，542例（77.54%）在奥地利感染，而大多数非本地病例来自邻国，最主要的是匈牙利。两组病例主要记录于维也纳、下奥地利州东部和布尔根兰州，但该国南部（施蒂利亚州、克恩滕州）和西部（上奥地利州、蒂罗尔州、萨尔茨堡州）省份也有病例记录。全年均有病例记录，大多数病例发生在春季（46.6%）和秋季（48.4%）。每年的病例数从4例到58例不等（平均：31.8例），波动较大，没有明显的增加或减少趋势。犬巴贝斯虫的蜱传播媒介血红扇头蜱在奥地利存在，但分布非常零散，其出现和活动难以预测，这可能是欧洲其密度可能增加但犬巴贝斯虫病发病率并未相应增加的原因之一。另一个可能影响每年病例数的因素可能是杀螨剂或驱虫剂化合物的使用（或未使用）情况。本研究的一个局限性在于，参与研究的诊所位置以及未引发临床症状且可能未在兽医诊疗机构就诊的感染率未知，会产生偏差。然而，数据清楚地表明，至少奥地利的低地地区是犬巴贝斯虫的地方病流行区，必须全年建议采取适当的蜱虫控制措施。
