Montefiore Medical Center, NY, USA.
NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
J Prim Care Community Health. 2023 Jan-Dec;14:21501319221147136. doi: 10.1177/21501319221147136.
Historically, Black and Hispanic patient populations in the Bronx Borough of New York City have experienced the highest rates of social risk factors, and associated poor health outcomes, in New York State. During the pandemic, Bronx communities disproportionately experienced high rates of COVID-19 illness and death. To date, little is known regarding the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on social risk factors in urban, at-risk communities. This study aimed to determine how social risk factors changed during the pandemic in a Bronx-based patient population.
Study participants were adult patients seen at a Federally Qualified Health Center in the South Bronx. Using a paired longitudinal study design, 300 participants were randomly selected for telephonic outreach during the pandemic from a sample of 865 participants who had been offered a social risk factor screener in the year prior to the pandemic. The outreach survey used included the social risk factor screener and questions regarding COVID-19 illness burden and prior engagement in social services. The McNemar test was used to analyze trends in reported social risks.
Housing quality needs, food insecurity, and legal care needs significantly increased during the pandemic. Participants who reported COVID-19 illness burden were 1.47 times more likely to report a social risk factor ( = .02). No significant relationship was found between prior enrollment in clinic-based social services and degree of reported social risk ( = .06).
Housing quality needs, food insecurity, and legal care needs increased during the COVID-19 pandemic in a predominantly Black and Hispanic identifying urban patient population. Urgently addressing this increase is imperative to achieving health equity in ongoing COVID-19 mitigation efforts.
历史上，纽约市布朗克斯区的黑人和西班牙裔患者群体经历了纽约州最高的社会风险因素，以及相关的健康不良后果。在大流行期间，布朗克斯社区不成比例地经历了 COVID-19 疾病和死亡的高发病率。迄今为止，对于大流行对城市高危社区的社会风险因素的影响知之甚少。本研究旨在确定在基于布朗克斯的患者群体中，社会风险因素在大流行期间如何变化。
研究参与者是在布朗克斯南部的一家联邦合格的健康中心就诊的成年患者。使用配对的纵向研究设计，从 865 名在大流行前一年曾提供社会风险因素筛查的参与者样本中，随机选择 300 名参与者进行大流行期间的电话外展。外展调查使用了包括社会风险因素筛查以及关于 COVID-19 疾病负担和先前参与社会服务的问题。使用 McNemar 检验分析报告的社会风险的趋势。
住房质量需求、粮食不安全和法律护理需求在大流行期间显着增加。报告 COVID-19 疾病负担的参与者报告社会风险因素的可能性高 1.47 倍（ = .02）。先前参加诊所社会服务与报告的社会风险程度之间没有显着关系（ = .06）。
在以黑人和西班牙裔为主的城市患者群体中，住房质量需求、粮食不安全和法律护理需求在 COVID-19 大流行期间增加。迫切需要解决这一增长问题，对于实现正在进行的 COVID-19 缓解努力中的健康公平至关重要。
