Goldfarb David G, Prezant David J, Zeig-Owens Rachel, Schwartz Theresa, Liu Yang, Kavouras Ilias G
Department of Environmental, Occupational, and Geospatial Health Sciences, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, New York, USA
Bureau of Health Services, Fire Department of the City of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA.
Occup Environ Med. 2023 Feb;80(2):104-110. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2022-108549. Epub 2023 Jan 12.
A refined job exposure matrix (JEM) based on incident types and severities and response characteristics was developed for firefighters to estimate quantities of smoke particles emitted during structural and non-structural fire incidents from 2010 to 2021.
The cohort included a subset of 3237 Fire Department of the City of New York firefighters who responded to at least one incident between 2010 and 2021, prior to retirement. Fire incident data included dates, type, severity (alarm level) and location. Response data included dates worked, firehouse, position titles and shift lengths for each firefighter. The quantity of smoke particle mass generated during structural and non-structural fires adjusted by individual firefighter engagement was computed using the United States Environmental Protection Agency AP-42 emissions framework. Correlations between years of employment, fire responses and career total particle mass concentration by firefighter were examined. Linear regression models were fit and corresponding R values were calculated.
Firefighters responded to a median of 424.7 (IQR=202.3-620.0) annual incidents/person; 17.6% were fire incidents (median=77.1; IQR=40.4-114.0). Structural fires were the most common type of fire incident (72.5% of annual incidents/person; median=55.9; IQR=29.6-85.5). Incident severity (alarm level) and firefighter engagement (position title) appeared to differentiate between high and low exposure regimes (R=0.43). Incident severity explained most of the variability of particle exposures (R=0.90).
Using the JEM, job-related smoke particle concentrations were estimated to vary by incident type, incident severity and firefighter engagement, highlighting the importance of using refined measures, so that future studies can more accurately evaluate associations between firefighting and health outcomes.
基于事件类型、严重程度和反应特征，为消防员开发了一种精细的工作暴露矩阵（JEM），以估算2010年至2021年期间结构性和非结构性火灾事件中排放的烟雾颗粒数量。
该队列包括纽约市消防局3237名消防员的一个子集，他们在退休前于2010年至2021年期间至少应对过一次事件。火灾事件数据包括日期、类型、严重程度（警报级别）和地点。反应数据包括每位消防员的工作日期、消防站、职位头衔和轮班时长。使用美国环境保护局AP - 42排放框架，计算经个体消防员参与度调整后的结构性和非结构性火灾期间产生的烟雾颗粒质量数量。研究了消防员的就业年限、火灾反应与职业总颗粒质量浓度之间的相关性。拟合线性回归模型并计算相应的R值。
消防员每人每年应对的事件中位数为424.7次（IQR = 202.3 - 620.0）；17.6%为火灾事件（中位数 = 77.1；IQR = 40.4 - 114.0）。结构性火灾是最常见的火灾事件类型（占每人每年事件的72.5%；中位数 = 55.9；IQR = 29.6 - 85.5）。事件严重程度（警报级别）和消防员参与度（职位头衔）似乎在高暴露和低暴露状态之间存在差异（R = 0.43）。事件严重程度解释了颗粒暴露的大部分变异性（R = 0.90）。
使用JEM估计，与工作相关的烟雾颗粒浓度因事件类型、事件严重程度和消防员参与度而异，突出了使用精细测量方法的重要性，以便未来的研究能够更准确地评估消防工作与健康结果之间的关联。
