Li Li-Wei, Deng Xiao-Wen, Xiao Zhi-Mei, Yuan Jie, Yang Ning, Guo Xiao-Long, Bai Yu
Tianjin Eco-Environmental Monitoring Center, Tianjin 300191, China.
Urban Management and Eco-Environment Bureau, Tianjin Binhai High-tech Area, Tianjin 300450, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2023 Jan 8;44(1):30-37. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202204001.
In order to explore the pollution characteristics and health risks of heavy metals in PM in Tianjin, heavy metal samples (Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Zn, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, and V) in PM were analyzed from November 2020 to March 2021 using the Xact-625 heavy metal online analyzer. The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics were analyzed using the HYSPLIT model, and the health risks of heavy metals were analyzed using the US EPA risk assessment model. The results indicated that the average total concentration of the 10 heavy metal elements was (261.56±241.74) ng·m, among which the concentrations of Cr ［converted Cr(Ⅵ)］ and As were higher than the annual average limit of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB 3095-2012). According to the back trajectory results, the medium-distance transmissions from northwest areas (NO.1), the long-distance transmissions from northwest areas (NO.2), the transmissions from southwest areas (NO.3), and the transmissions from northeast areas (NO.4) were the major sources in Tianjin City. The heavy metals of different air masses presented different pollution characteristics and health risks; the concentration of PM, the total concentration of the 10 heavy metal elements, and the total carcinogenic risk of the five heavy metal elements of the NO.3 air mass were the highest, whereas the total non-carcinogenic risk of the 10 heavy metal elements of the NO.2 air mass was higher than that of the other two air mass. The health risk assessment showed that Mn posed non-carcinogenic risks to children, and Cr and As presented carcinogenic risk. Meanwhile, Cd of the NO.3 air masses also presented carcinogenic risk.
为探究天津市细颗粒物（PM）中重金属的污染特征及健康风险，于2020年11月至2021年3月，使用Xact-625重金属在线分析仪对PM中的重金属样本（铅、镉、铬、砷、锌、锰、钴、镍、铜和钒）进行了分析。利用HYSPLIT模型分析了时空分布特征，并采用美国环境保护局（US EPA）风险评估模型分析了重金属的健康风险。结果表明，10种重金属元素的平均总浓度为（261.56±241.74）ng·m ，其中铬［换算为Cr(Ⅵ)］和砷的浓度高于《环境空气质量标准》（GB 3095-2012）的年均限值。根据后向轨迹结果，来自西北地区的中距离传输（1号）、来自西北地区的远距离传输（2号）、来自西南地区的传输（3号）以及来自东北地区的传输（4号）是天津市的主要污染源。不同气团的重金属呈现出不同的污染特征和健康风险；3号气团的PM浓度、10种重金属元素的总浓度以及5种重金属元素的总致癌风险最高，而2号气团的10种重金属元素的总非致癌风险高于其他两个气团。健康风险评估表明，锰对儿童有非致癌风险，铬和砷有致癌风险。同时，3号气团的镉也有致癌风险。
