Safari-Foroushani Narges, Modarressi Mohammad Hossein, Pooshang Bagheri Kamran, Behdani Mahdi, Shahbazzadeh Delavar
Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2022 Mar 31;16(1):1-12. doi: 10.18502/jad.v16i1.11187. eCollection 2022 Mar.
is one of the most dangerous scorpions in Iran and the world. Numerous studies have been conducted on phospholipases, especially phospholipase D, in this scorpion's venom, and the results have shown this protein to be the main cause of death. Therefore, one of the most effective ways of preventing fatalities is to produce a toxoid vaccine from the deadly toxin of the venom. The present study was conducted to assess the non-toxicity of this toxoid and the safety of the vaccine candidate in BALB/c mice.
The production of interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 cytokines in the spleen cells of the mice was measured using ELISpot assay 28 days following immunization with rPLD toxoid.
The unpaired t-test results showed a significant increase in the concentration of IFN-γ cytokine in the vaccinated mice (P= 0.001), indicating that the immune system is directed toward the Th1 pattern, while no significant difference was observed in the levels of IL-4 (P= 0.16) despite an increase in this cytokine. The in-vivo tests showed that the mice immunized with interval doses of 80µg of toxoid were completely protected against 10 × the LD of the venom. Moreover, the toxoid had no dermonecrotic effects and caused no necrotic and inflammatory complications in the rabbit skin.
As a vaccine, the toxoid has the potential to increase the Th1 cytokine response and, subsequently, increase acquired cellular immunity. Thus, this toxoid appears to be able to provide an effective vaccine against the venom of .
是伊朗乃至世界上最危险的蝎子之一。针对这种蝎子毒液中的磷脂酶，尤其是磷脂酶D，已经开展了大量研究，结果表明这种蛋白质是主要致死原因。因此，预防死亡的最有效方法之一是利用毒液中的致命毒素生产类毒素疫苗。本研究旨在评估该类毒素的无毒性以及候选疫苗在BALB/c小鼠中的安全性。
在使用rPLD类毒素免疫小鼠28天后，采用ELISpot检测法测定小鼠脾细胞中γ干扰素和白细胞介素-4细胞因子的产生情况。
非配对t检验结果显示，接种疫苗的小鼠体内IFN-γ细胞因子浓度显著升高（P = 0.001），表明免疫系统趋向于Th1模式，而尽管IL-4细胞因子水平有所升高，但差异不显著（P = 0.16）。体内试验表明，间隔接种80μg类毒素的小鼠完全受到保护，可抵御10倍致死剂量的毒液。此外，该类毒素对兔皮肤无皮肤坏死作用，也未引起坏死和炎症并发症。
作为一种疫苗，该类毒素有潜力增强Th1细胞因子反应，进而增强获得性细胞免疫。因此，这种类毒素似乎能够提供一种有效的抗毒液疫苗。
