Wang Xiaonan, Yang Junni, Li Xiang
College of Safety Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Mar;30(14):41954-41969. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-25224-0. Epub 2023 Jan 14.
Soil fugitive dust pollution caused by urban construction sites is a significant problem. To improve the dust suppression efficiency on the urban construction sites, hydroxypropyl guar (HPG), dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide (OB-2), and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) were selected as individual components of the composite dust suppressant using a single-factor test. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the optimal mixing proportions. After preparation, the characteristics of the composite dust suppressant were tested. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the composite dust suppressant and explore its mechanism. The results showed that 0.327% HPG, 0.6% OB-2, and 0.5% HPMC were the best compound concentrations. Under optimum conditions, the viscosity of the composite dust suppressant was 151.1 [Formula: see text], penetration time was 61.4 s, and water retention rate was 30.67%. Compared with traditional dust control by spraying water, it showed better resistance to evaporation at high temperatures and better wind erosion resistance. The antievaporation rate was 39.42% at 60 °C. After 11 d of continuous wind erosion at level 7, the wind erosion resistance rate was as high as 98.24%. The reason for the excellent dust suppression effect of the composite dust suppressant is that the methyl and hydroxyl groups in the solution diffuse to the surface of the soil fugitive dust particles using Brownian motion and gradually approach the corresponding groups in the soil fugitive dust particles. When the distance between the two reaches 10 [Formula: see text], adsorption occurs, causing small dust particles to stick together. Because of the stability of the covalent bonds in the methyl and hydroxyl groups, a stable solidified layer is formed on the soil fugitive dust surface after the evaporation of the composite dust inhibitor solution, thereby avoiding secondary dust. In addition, the composite dust suppressant is noncorrosive and friendly to the construction site environment. Therefore, the composite dust suppressant can effectively reduce soil fugitive dust, alleviate environmental pollution, and provide a reference for preventing and controlling soil fugitive dust on urban construction sites and preparing composite environment-friendly dust suppressants.
城市建筑工地造成的土壤扬尘污染是一个重大问题。为提高城市建筑工地的抑尘效率，采用单因素试验，选用羟丙基瓜尔胶（HPG）、十二烷基二甲基氧化胺（OB - 2）和羟丙基甲基纤维素（HPMC）作为复合抑尘剂的单一组分。运用响应面法（RSM）确定最佳混合比例。制备完成后，对复合抑尘剂的特性进行测试。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对复合抑尘剂进行表征并探究其作用机理。结果表明，0.327%的HPG、0.6%的OB - 2和0.5%的HPMC为最佳复配浓度。在最佳条件下，复合抑尘剂的黏度为151.1[公式：见原文]，渗透时间为61.4 s，保水率为30.67%。与传统喷水降尘相比，其在高温下表现出更好的抗蒸发性能和更强的抗风蚀性能。在60℃时，抗蒸发率为39.42%。在7级风连续侵蚀11 d后，抗风蚀率高达98.24%。复合抑尘剂抑尘效果优异的原因在于，溶液中的甲基和羟基利用布朗运动扩散到土壤扬尘颗粒表面，并逐渐靠近土壤扬尘颗粒中的相应基团。当两者间距达到10[公式：见原文]时，发生吸附作用，使小粒径粉尘颗粒黏附在一起。由于甲基和羟基中存在稳定的共价键，复合抑尘剂溶液蒸发后，在土壤扬尘表面形成稳定的固化层，从而避免二次扬尘。此外，该复合抑尘剂无腐蚀性，对施工现场环境友好。因此，该复合抑尘剂能有效减少土壤扬尘，减轻环境污染，为城市建筑工地土壤扬尘防治及复合环保抑尘剂的制备提供参考。
