College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, Shandong, China.
Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, Shandong, China.
Environ Geochem Health. 2023 Jul;45(7):4897-4913. doi: 10.1007/s10653-023-01544-5. Epub 2023 Mar 29.
In order to solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by the escape of coal dust in open-pit coal mines, a composite dust suppressant was prepared from Enteromorpha, and the preparation factors (water-soluble polymer, temperature, solid content and surfactant) were optimized. The mechanism of dust suppression and the possibility of large-scale field application were discussed. The research results on the related properties of dust suppressants showed that the performance of Enteromorpha-based dust suppressants prepared by this method was excellent compared with similar studies. Among them, polyacrylamide (PAM) Enteromorpha-based dust suppressant had the best performance, with viscosity of 25.1 mPa s and surface tension of 27.05 mN/m. Moreover, PAM Enteromorpha-based dust suppressant had the best effect, with the mass loss of 2.94% under the wind speed of 10 m/s and the coal dust loss rate of 4.6% after rain erosion, and it had strong water retention performance. Through the discussion of dust suppression mechanism, it was found that the mechanical entangled network structure with hydrogen bonds as nodes was formed after the graft copolymerization of PAM and Enteromorpha. It had high permeability and good adhesion. After quickly wetting coal dust, it formed a dense package for coal dust. The field experiment also showed that the use of Enteromorpha-based dust suppressant can effectively inhibit the escape of coal dust. From the point of view of economy and efficiency, Enteromorpha can save 30% of the material cost and the dust suppression efficiency can reach 89-94%. Therefore, the Enteromorpha-based dust suppressant may stably suppress coal dust on the basis of reducing the cost.
为解决露天煤矿煤炭粉尘逸散造成的环境污染问题，以浒苔为原料制备复合型抑尘剂，对制备因素（水溶性高分子、温度、固含量、表面活性剂）进行优化，并探讨其抑尘机理及大规模现场应用的可能性。相关抑尘剂性能的研究结果表明，该方法制备的浒苔基抑尘剂性能较同类研究更为优异，其中聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）浒苔基抑尘剂性能最佳，黏度为 25.1 mPa·s，表面张力为 27.05 mN/m。且 PAM 浒苔基抑尘剂的效果最佳，在风速为 10 m/s 时质量损失率为 2.94%，雨后侵蚀煤尘损失率为 4.6%，具有较强的保水性能。通过抑尘机理的探讨发现，PAM 与浒苔接枝共聚后形成以氢键为节点的机械缠结网络结构，具有高渗透性和良好的附着力，快速润湿煤尘后形成对煤尘的致密包裹。现场试验也表明，浒苔基抑尘剂的使用可以有效抑制煤炭粉尘的逸散，从经济和效率两方面考虑，浒苔基抑尘剂可节省 30%的材料成本，抑尘效率可达 89%-94%。因此，浒苔基抑尘剂在降低成本的基础上可以稳定地抑制煤尘。
