Suppr超能文献

CRISPR 编辑斑马鱼中 AP-4 缺失会影响早期胚胎发育。

AP-4 loss in CRISPR-edited zebrafish affects early embryo development.

机构信息

Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.

Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.

出版信息

Adv Biol Regul. 2023 Jan;87:100945. doi: 10.1016/j.jbior.2022.100945. Epub 2022 Dec 22.

Abstract

Mutations in the heterotetrametric adaptor protein 4 (AP-4; ε/β4/μ4/σ4 subunits) membrane trafficking coat complex lead to complex neurological disorders characterized by spastic paraplegia, microcephaly, and intellectual disabilities. Understanding molecular mechanisms underlying these disorders continues to emerge with recent identification of an essential autophagy protein, ATG9A, as an AP-4 cargo. Significant progress has been made uncovering AP-4 function in cell culture and patient-derived cell lines, and ATG9A trafficking by AP-4 is considered a potential target for gene therapy approaches. In contrast, understanding how AP-4 trafficking affects development and function at the organismal level has long been hindered by loss of conserved AP-4 genes in key model systems (S. cerevisiae, C. elegans, D. melanogaster). However, zebrafish (Danio rerio) have retained AP-4 and can serve as an important model system for studying both the nervous system and overall development. We undertook gene editing in zebrafish using a CRISPR-ExoCas9 knockout system to determine how loss of single AP-4, or its accessory protein tepsin, genes affect embryo development 24 h post-fertilization (hpf). Single gene-edited embryos display abnormal head morphology and neural necrosis. We further conducted the first exploration of how AP-4 single gene knockouts in zebrafish embryos affect expression levels and patterns of two autophagy genes, atg9a and map1lc3b. This work suggests zebrafish may be further adapted and developed as a tool to uncover AP-4 function in membrane trafficking and autophagy in the context of a model organism.

摘要

异源四聚体衔接蛋白 4(AP-4;ε/β4/μ4/σ4 亚基)膜转运衣被复合物的突变导致以痉挛性截瘫、小头畸形和智力障碍为特征的复杂神经紊乱。随着最近发现必需的自噬蛋白 ATG9A 是 AP-4 货物,这些疾病的分子机制的理解不断涌现。在细胞培养和患者来源的细胞系中,AP-4 功能的显著进展已经被揭示,并且 AP-4 转运 ATG9A 被认为是基因治疗方法的潜在靶点。相比之下,了解 AP-4 转运如何在生物体水平上影响发育和功能,长期以来一直受到关键模型系统(酿酒酵母、秀丽隐杆线虫、黑腹果蝇)中保守的 AP-4 基因缺失的阻碍。然而,斑马鱼(Danio rerio)保留了 AP-4,可以作为研究神经系统和整体发育的重要模型系统。我们使用 CRISPR-ExoCas9 基因编辑系统在斑马鱼中进行基因编辑,以确定单个 AP-4 或其辅助蛋白 tepsin 基因缺失如何影响受精后 24 小时(hpf)胚胎的发育。单个基因编辑胚胎显示出异常的头部形态和神经坏死。我们进一步首次探索了斑马鱼胚胎中 AP-4 单基因敲除如何影响两个自噬基因 atg9a 和 map1lc3b 的表达水平和模式。这项工作表明,斑马鱼可能会进一步被适应和开发,作为揭示模型生物中膜转运和自噬中 AP-4 功能的工具。

相似文献

1
AP-4 loss in CRISPR-edited zebrafish affects early embryo development.
Adv Biol Regul. 2023 Jan;87:100945. doi: 10.1016/j.jbior.2022.100945. Epub 2022 Dec 22.
3
Bivalent Motif-Ear Interactions Mediate the Association of the Accessory Protein Tepsin with the AP-4 Adaptor Complex.
J Biol Chem. 2015 Dec 25;290(52):30736-49. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M115.683409. Epub 2015 Nov 5.
4
Altered distribution of ATG9A and accumulation of axonal aggregates in neurons from a mouse model of AP-4 deficiency syndrome.
PLoS Genet. 2018 Apr 26;14(4):e1007363. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007363. eCollection 2018 Apr.
5
The role of AP-4 in cargo export from the trans-Golgi network and hereditary spastic paraplegia.
Biochem Soc Trans. 2020 Oct 30;48(5):1877-1888. doi: 10.1042/BST20190664.
6
The FTS-Hook-FHIP (FHF) complex interacts with AP-4 to mediate perinuclear distribution of AP-4 and its cargo ATG9A.
Mol Biol Cell. 2020 Apr 15;31(9):963-979. doi: 10.1091/mbc.E19-11-0658. Epub 2020 Feb 19.
7
Molecular Basis for the Interaction Between AP4 β4 and its Accessory Protein, Tepsin.
Traffic. 2016 Apr;17(4):400-15. doi: 10.1111/tra.12375. Epub 2016 Mar 4.
8
AP-4 mediates export of ATG9A from the -Golgi network to promote autophagosome formation.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Dec 12;114(50):E10697-E10706. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1717327114. Epub 2017 Nov 27.
9
The adaptor protein chaperone AAGAB stabilizes AP-4 complex subunits.
Mol Biol Cell. 2022 Oct 1;33(12):ar109. doi: 10.1091/mbc.E22-05-0177. Epub 2022 Aug 17.
10
Ap4s1 truncation leads to axonal defects in a zebrafish model of spastic paraplegia 52.
Int J Dev Neurosci. 2023 Dec;83(8):753-764. doi: 10.1002/jdn.10303. Epub 2023 Sep 28.

引用本文的文献

1
Progress on multifunctional transmembrane protein ATG9A.
Cell Commun Signal. 2025 Jul 1;23(1):314. doi: 10.1186/s12964-025-02317-6.
2

本文引用的文献

1
AP-4-mediated axonal transport controls endocannabinoid production in neurons.
Nat Commun. 2022 Feb 25;13(1):1058. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-28609-w.
3
RUSC2 and WDR47 oppositely regulate kinesin-1-dependent distribution of ATG9A to the cell periphery.
Mol Biol Cell. 2021 Nov 1;32(21):ar25. doi: 10.1091/mbc.E21-06-0295. Epub 2021 Aug 25.
4
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition).
Autophagy. 2021 Jan;17(1):1-382. doi: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1797280. Epub 2021 Feb 8.
5
Structure, lipid scrambling activity and role in autophagosome formation of ATG9A.
Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2020 Dec;27(12):1194-1201. doi: 10.1038/s41594-020-00520-2. Epub 2020 Oct 26.
6
Atg9 is a lipid scramblase that mediates autophagosomal membrane expansion.
Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2020 Dec;27(12):1185-1193. doi: 10.1038/s41594-020-00518-w. Epub 2020 Oct 26.
7
The role of AP-4 in cargo export from the trans-Golgi network and hereditary spastic paraplegia.
Biochem Soc Trans. 2020 Oct 30;48(5):1877-1888. doi: 10.1042/BST20190664.
10
Structure of Human ATG9A, the Only Transmembrane Protein of the Core Autophagy Machinery.
Cell Rep. 2020 Jun 30;31(13):107837. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107837.

文献AI研究员

20分钟写一篇综述,助力文献阅读效率提升50倍。

立即体验

用中文搜PubMed

大模型驱动的PubMed中文搜索引擎

马上搜索

文档翻译

学术文献翻译模型,支持多种主流文档格式。

立即体验