Family Health Outcomes Project (FHOP), Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Am J Ind Med. 2023 Mar;66(3):213-221. doi: 10.1002/ajim.23457. Epub 2023 Jan 16.
Missing and noncodable parental industry and occupation (I/O) information on birth certificates (BCs) can bias analyses informing parental worksite exposures and family economic stability.
We used the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) software to code parental I/O in 1989-2019 California BC data (N = 21,739,406). We assessed I/O missingness and codability by reporting period, parental sex, race/ethnicity, age, and education.
During 1989-2019, records missing I/O increased from 4.4% to 9.4%. I/O was missing more frequently from parents who were male (7.8% vs. 4.4%), Black or American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) (9.3% and 8.9% vs. 3.2%-4.7% in others), and had high school or less education (4.0%-5.9% vs. 1.4%-2.6% in others). Of records with I/O, less than 2% were noncodable by NIOSH software. Noncodable entries were more common for parents who were male (industry (1.9% vs. 1.0%); occupation (1.5% vs. 0.7%)), Asian/Pacific Islander (industry (2.4% vs. 1.2%-1.6% in other groups); occupation (1.7% vs. 0.7%-1.5% in other groups)), age 40 and older (industry (2.1% vs. 0.4%-1.7% in younger groups); occupation (1.7% vs. 0.3%-1.3% in younger groups)), and 4-year college graduates (industry (2.0% vs. 1.0%-1.9% in other groups); occupation (1.7% vs. 0.5%-1.4%)).
In California BC, I/O missingness was systematically higher among parents who are male, Black, AIAN, less than 20 years old, and report no college education. I/O codability is high when information is reported, with small percentage disparities. Improving data collection is vital to equitably describe economic contexts that determine important family outcomes.
出生证明（BC）中缺失或无法编码的父母行业和职业（I/O）信息可能会影响分析父母工作场所暴露和家庭经济稳定性的结果。
我们使用美国国家职业安全与健康研究所（NIOSH）软件对 1989-2019 年加利福尼亚州 BC 数据中的父母 I/O 进行编码（N=21739406）。我们按报告期、父母性别、种族/族裔、年龄和教育程度评估 I/O 的缺失和编码能力。
1989-2019 年期间，记录中缺失 I/O 的比例从 4.4%增加到 9.4%。I/O 更频繁地缺失于男性（7.8%比 4.4%）、黑人和美国印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民（AIAN）（9.3%和 8.9%比 3.2%-4.7%）以及受教育程度较低的父母（4.0%-5.9%比 1.4%-2.6%）。有 I/O 的记录中，不到 2%的记录无法通过 NIOSH 软件进行编码。对于男性父母（行业（1.9%比 1.0%）；职业（1.5%比 0.7%））、亚裔/太平洋岛民（行业（2.4%比其他群体的 1.2%-1.6%）；职业（1.7%比其他群体的 0.7%-1.5%））、40 岁及以上的父母（行业（2.1%比年轻组的 0.4%-1.7%）；职业（1.7%比年轻组的 0.3%-1.3%））和 4 年制大学毕业生（行业（2.0%比其他群体的 1.0%-1.9%）；职业（1.7%比其他群体的 0.5%-1.4%）），非编码条目更为常见。
在加利福尼亚州 BC 中，男性、黑人、AIAN、年龄在 20 岁以下且未接受过大学教育的父母的 I/O 缺失率系统较高。当报告信息时，I/O 的编码能力很高，只有很小的百分比差异。改进数据收集对于公平描述决定重要家庭结果的经济背景至关重要。
