Bahrampour Niki, Mirzababaei Atieh, Hosseininasab Dorsa, Abaj Faezeh, Clark Cain C T, Mirzaei Khadijeh
Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University (SRBIAU), Tehran, Iran.
Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
BMC Nutr. 2023 Jan 16;9(1):14. doi: 10.1186/s40795-023-00676-2.
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is involved in 40% of patients with type 2 diabetes, Phytochemical index (PI) foods are known as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. Higher intake of phytochemicals can improve glucose tolerance, hypertension and complications of DN. This study sought to discern the relationship between dietary PI and DN.
This was a case-control study which was conducted between 210 diabetic women. General characteristics, blood pressure, biochemical serum levels, and anthropometric measurements were evaluated. Physical activity and dietary intakes were assessed via short form of physical activity questionnaire and 147 items-validated food frequency questionnaires, respectively. Then, PI was calculated through method of McCarty and divided to 2 groups of lower and higher of median. Independent samples T tests were used to identify differences in quantitative variables. To investigate the relationship between dietary PI and risk of DN, logistic regression was used. The odds ratio (OR) of DN, and its 95% confidence interval (CI), in each groups of PI were shown.
The percentage of daily intake of energy from fruits and vegetables were higher than the other sources of phytochemical rich foods. Higher consumption of vitamin A was seen in higher group of PI among the control group, after adjusting for energy intake. In the higher adherence of median of dietary PI group, intake of fruits, vegetables, legumes, grains, and olives of controls were higher than cases. In addition, soy consumption was statistically different between lower and higher adherence of median of dietary PI among cases. There was an inverse relationship between dietary PI and risk of DN (OR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.25-0.77; P = 0.04). After adjusting for potential confounders, the association remained significant, albeit with lower odds of having DN (OR = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.06-0.36; P < 0.001).
Finally, the present study found evidence indicating an inverse relationship between consumption of foods rich in phytochemicals and risk of DN in this sample.
2型糖尿病患者中40%患有糖尿病肾病（DN），植物化学指数（PI）食物被认为具有抗氧化和抗炎作用。较高的植物化学物质摄入量可改善葡萄糖耐量、高血压及糖尿病肾病并发症。本研究旨在探讨饮食PI与DN之间的关系。
这是一项在210名糖尿病女性中进行的病例对照研究。评估了一般特征、血压、生化血清水平和人体测量指标。分别通过简短的体力活动问卷和147项有效食物频率问卷评估体力活动和饮食摄入量。然后，通过麦卡蒂方法计算PI，并分为中位数较低和较高的两组。采用独立样本T检验来确定定量变量的差异。为研究饮食PI与DN风险之间的关系，使用了逻辑回归。展示了每组PI中DN的比值比（OR）及其95%置信区间（CI）。
水果和蔬菜的每日能量摄入量百分比高于其他富含植物化学物质的食物来源。在调整能量摄入后，对照组中PI较高组的维生素A摄入量较高。在饮食PI中位数较高依从性组中，对照组的水果、蔬菜、豆类、谷物和橄榄摄入量高于病例组。此外，病例组中饮食PI中位数较低和较高依从性之间的大豆消费量存在统计学差异。饮食PI与DN风险呈负相关（OR = 0.44；95% CI：0.25 - 0.77；P = 0.04）。在调整潜在混杂因素后，该关联仍然显著，尽管患DN的几率较低（OR = 0.15；95% CI：0.06 - 0.36；P < 0.001）。
最后，本研究发现证据表明，在该样本中，富含植物化学物质的食物消费与DN风险之间存在负相关。
