Ni Wei, Ramalingam Murugan, Li Yumeng, Park Jeong-Hui, Dashnyam Khandmaa, Lee Jung-Hwan, Bloise Nora, Fassina Lorenzo, Visai Livia, De Angelis Maria Gabriella Cusella, Pedraz Jose Luis, Kim Hae-Won, Hu Jiabo
Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China.
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
Stem Cell Rev Rep. 2023 May;19(4):866-885. doi: 10.1007/s12015-022-10501-1. Epub 2023 Jan 17.
Neuroinflammation is a critical event that responds to disturbed homeostasis and governs various neurological diseases in the central nervous system (CNS). The excessive inflammatory microenvironment in the CNS can adversely affect endogenous neural stem cells, thereby impeding neural self-repair. Therapies with neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) have shown significant inhibitory effects on inflammation, which is mainly achieved through intercellular contact and paracrine signalings. The intercellular contact between NSPCs and immune cells, the activated CNS- resident microglia, and astrocyte plays a critical role in the therapeutic NSPCs homing and immunomodulatory effects. Moreover, the paracrine effect mainly regulates infiltrating innate and adaptive immune cells, activated microglia, and astrocyte through the secretion of bioactive molecules and extracellular vesicles. However, the molecular mechanism involved in the immunomodulatory effect of NSPCs is not well discussed. This article provides a systematic analysis of the immunomodulatory mechanism of NSPCs, discusses efficient ways to enhance its immunomodulatory ability, and gives suggestions on clinical therapy.
神经炎症是一种关键事件，它对稳态失衡做出反应并支配中枢神经系统（CNS）中的各种神经疾病。中枢神经系统中过度的炎症微环境会对内源性神经干细胞产生不利影响，从而阻碍神经自我修复。神经干细胞/祖细胞（NSPCs）疗法已显示出对炎症具有显著的抑制作用，这主要是通过细胞间接触和旁分泌信号传导实现的。NSPCs与免疫细胞、活化的中枢神经系统驻留小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞之间的细胞间接触在治疗性NSPCs归巢和免疫调节作用中起着关键作用。此外，旁分泌效应主要通过生物活性分子和细胞外囊泡的分泌来调节浸润的先天性和适应性免疫细胞、活化的小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞。然而，NSPCs免疫调节作用所涉及的分子机制尚未得到充分讨论。本文对NSPCs的免疫调节机制进行了系统分析，探讨了增强其免疫调节能力的有效方法，并对临床治疗提出了建议。
