Wang Siji, He Qianyan, Qu Yang, Yin Wenjing, Zhao Ruoyu, Wang Xuyutian, Yang Yi, Guo Zhen-Ni
Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
Neural Regen Res. 2024 Nov 1;19(11):2430-2443. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.391313. Epub 2023 Dec 21.
Ischemic stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide, with limited treatment options available in clinical practice. The emergence of stem cell therapy has provided new hope to the field of stroke treatment via the restoration of brain neuron function. Exogenous neural stem cells are beneficial not only in cell replacement but also through the bystander effect. Neural stem cells regulate multiple physiological responses, including nerve repair, endogenous regeneration, immune function, and blood-brain barrier permeability, through the secretion of bioactive substances, including extracellular vesicles/exosomes. However, due to the complex microenvironment of ischemic cerebrovascular events and the low survival rate of neural stem cells following transplantation, limitations in the treatment effect remain unresolved. In this paper, we provide a detailed summary of the potential mechanisms of neural stem cell therapy for the treatment of ischemic stroke, review current neural stem cell therapeutic strategies and clinical trial results, and summarize the latest advancements in neural stem cell engineering to improve the survival rate of neural stem cells. We hope that this review could help provide insight into the therapeutic potential of neural stem cells and guide future scientific endeavors on neural stem cells.
缺血性中风是全球范围内导致死亡和残疾的主要原因，临床实践中可用的治疗选择有限。干细胞疗法的出现通过恢复脑神经元功能为中风治疗领域带来了新的希望。外源性神经干细胞不仅在细胞替代方面有益，而且还具有旁分泌效应。神经干细胞通过分泌包括细胞外囊泡/外泌体在内的生物活性物质来调节多种生理反应，包括神经修复、内源性再生、免疫功能和血脑屏障通透性。然而，由于缺血性脑血管事件的微环境复杂以及移植后神经干细胞的存活率较低，治疗效果的局限性仍然没有得到解决。在本文中，我们详细总结了神经干细胞治疗缺血性中风的潜在机制，回顾了当前神经干细胞治疗策略和临床试验结果，并总结了神经干细胞工程学的最新进展以提高神经干细胞的存活率。我们希望这篇综述能够有助于深入了解神经干细胞的治疗潜力，并指导未来关于神经干细胞的科学研究。
