Guimarães Eduardo, Baxter-Jones Adam D G, Williams A Mark, Tavares Fernando, Janeira Manuel A, Maia José
Faculty of Sport, Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
Ann Hum Biol. 2023 Feb;50(1):26-34. doi: 10.1080/03014460.2023.2169759.
Although adolescent basketballers differ in body size, shape, and composition, less is known about how these factors interact during physical development.
We used ontogenetic allometry to identify the optimal body size and shape characteristics associated with physical performance in adolescent basketball players, and investigated the effects of training experience, training volume, maturity status, and club characteristics on physical performance development.
Two hundred and sixty-four male basketballers, from five age-cohorts (11-15 years of age), were followed consecutively over three years. Three physical performance components, anthropometrics, training information, and biological maturation were assessed bi-annually. Longitudinal multiplicative allometric models were developed.
Players with a physique that had a dominant ectomorphic component performed better in all physical performance components. When adjusting for confounders other than size, the development of running speed was independent of body size. Players advanced in maturation were physically fitter. Training data had no significant effect on developmental trajectories of running speed or lower body explosive strength. Club characteristics had no significant association with any physical performance trajectories.
Leaner players have advantages in physical performance and individual characteristics play an important role, over and beyond club structure, in developing physical performance.
尽管青少年篮球运动员在体型、形态和身体构成方面存在差异，但对于这些因素在身体发育过程中如何相互作用却知之甚少。
我们运用个体发生异速生长法来确定与青少年篮球运动员体能表现相关的最佳体型和形态特征，并研究训练经历、训练量、成熟状态和俱乐部特征对体能发展的影响。
对来自五个年龄组（11至15岁）的264名男性篮球运动员进行了连续三年的跟踪研究。每两年评估一次三项体能表现指标、人体测量学指标、训练信息和生物成熟度。建立了纵向乘法异速生长模型。
在外胚层体型占主导的运动员在所有体能表现指标上表现更佳。在调整了除体型之外的混杂因素后，跑步速度的发展与体型无关。成熟度较高的运动员身体更健康。训练数据对跑步速度或下肢爆发力的发展轨迹没有显著影响。俱乐部特征与任何体能表现轨迹均无显著关联。
体型较瘦的运动员在体能表现方面具有优势，并且个体特征在体能发展中发挥着重要作用，其重要性超过俱乐部结构。
