Abbott Shaun, Javet Marie, Bested Stephen, Hackett Daniel, Romann Michael, Cobley Stephen
Discipline of Exercise & Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Swiss Federal Institute of Sport, Magglingen, Switzerland.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2025 May;25(5):e12293. doi: 10.1002/ejsc.12293.
Athlete development is considered a multi-factorial and dynamic overtime process. Thus, understanding what factors and behavioural activities contribute most to development is important. The present study examined longitudinal relationships between training time and maturity status with physical performance indices in youth volleyball players. Prospective mixed longitudinal tracking over 3 years. Participants were N = 78 selected male volleyball players, aged 11-15 years (M = 13.81, SD = 1.20 years) from N = 41 competitive Swiss clubs. Alongside coach-reported weekly training time, participants completed standardised anthropometric and physical performance tests (e.g., standing long jump [SLJ]; 9-3-6-3-9 agility sprint). Linear mixed models (LMM) examined longitudinal independent and interacting relationships between training time and maturity status (years from peak height velocity; PHV) with physical performance. For SLJ, both training time and maturity status explained curvilinear longitudinal performance development, but nonlinear maturation status interactions were most influential, moderating relationships. In agility sprint, similar trends were apparent, with training time influences diminishing when maturity status was added in LMM analyses. Across time points of maturational growth, increased training engagement was not associated with enhanced physical performance benefits, whereas maturational status progression better accounted for performance differences and development. For coaches and sports-science practitioners, findings question the rationale for heightened training engagement at circa-PHV directed towards physical performance development purposes, a recommendation aligned with the need for maturational-growth associated injury prevention. Instead, due to musculoskeletal and proprioceptive disturbance during maturational growth, training emphasis on technical/biomechanical skill acquisition remains important.
运动员发展被认为是一个多因素且随时间动态变化的过程。因此，了解哪些因素和行为活动对发展贡献最大很重要。本研究考察了青少年排球运动员的训练时间和成熟状态与身体表现指标之间的纵向关系。进行了为期3年的前瞻性混合纵向跟踪研究。参与者为从41个瑞士竞技俱乐部选拔出的78名男性排球运动员，年龄在11至15岁之间（M = 13.81，SD = 1.20岁）。除了教练报告的每周训练时间外，参与者还完成了标准化的人体测量和身体表现测试（例如，立定跳远[SLJ]；9 - 3 - 6 - 3 - 9敏捷短跑）。线性混合模型（LMM）研究了训练时间和成熟状态（距身高增长峰值的年数；PHV）与身体表现之间的纵向独立和交互关系。对于立定跳远，训练时间和成熟状态都解释了曲线纵向表现发展，但非线性成熟状态交互作用最具影响力，调节了关系。在敏捷短跑中，类似的趋势很明显，在LMM分析中加入成熟状态后，训练时间的影响减弱。在成熟成长的各个时间点，增加训练参与度与增强身体表现益处无关，而成熟状态的进展更好地解释了表现差异和发展。对于教练和体育科学从业者来说，研究结果质疑了在接近身高增长峰值时为了身体表现发展目的而增加训练参与度的合理性，这一建议与预防与成熟成长相关损伤的需求一致。相反，由于成熟成长期间的肌肉骨骼和本体感觉干扰，强调技术/生物力学技能获取的训练仍然很重要。
