Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China.
Department of Gastroenterology/Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2023 Mar;159:114250. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114250. Epub 2023 Jan 16.
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are resident T cells that express semi-invariant TCR chains and are restricted by monomorphic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-related molecules (MR1). MAIT cells can be activated by microbial-specific metabolites (MR1-dependent mode) or cytokines (MR1-independent mode). Activated MAIT cells produce chemokines, cytotoxic molecules (granzyme B and perforin), and proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17), to clear pathogens and target infected cells involved in the pro-inflammatory, migratory, and cytolytic properties of MAIT cells. MAIT cells produce pro-inflammatory cytokines in the target organs of autoimmune diseases and contribute to the development and progression of autoimmune diseases. This article reviews the biological characteristics, activation mechanism, dynamic migration, and dual functions of MAIT cells, and focuses on the mechanism and potential application of MAIT cells in the early diagnosis, disease activity monitoring, and therapeutic targets of autoimmune diseases, to lay a foundation for future research.
黏膜相关恒定 T（MAIT）细胞是表达半不变 TCR 链并受单态主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）I 类相关分子（MR1）限制的固有 T 细胞。MAIT 细胞可被微生物特异性代谢物（MR1 依赖模式）或细胞因子（MR1 非依赖模式）激活。激活的 MAIT 细胞产生趋化因子、细胞毒性分子（颗粒酶 B 和穿孔素）和促炎细胞因子（IFN-γ、TNF-α 和 IL-17），以清除病原体并靶向感染细胞，从而发挥 MAIT 细胞的促炎、迁移和细胞溶解特性。MAIT 细胞在自身免疫性疾病的靶器官中产生促炎细胞因子，有助于自身免疫性疾病的发展和进展。本文综述了 MAIT 细胞的生物学特性、激活机制、动态迁移和双重功能，并重点介绍了 MAIT 细胞在自身免疫性疾病早期诊断、疾病活动监测和治疗靶点中的作用机制和潜在应用，为未来的研究奠定了基础。
