West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Transl Psychiatry. 2023 Jan 19;13(1):12. doi: 10.1038/s41398-023-02315-7.
Serious concerns have been raised about the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on population psychological well-being. However, limited data exist on the long-term effects of the pandemic on incident psychiatric morbidities among individuals with varying exposure to the pandemic. Leveraging prospective data from the community-based UK Biobank cohort, we included 308,400 participants free of diagnosis of anxiety or depression, as well as 213,757 participants free of anxiolytics or antidepressants prescriptions, to explore the trends in incident diagnoses and drug prescriptions for anxiety and depression from 16 March 2020 to 31 August 2021, compared to the pre-pandemic period (i.e., 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2019) and across populations with different exposure statuses (i.e., not tested for COVID-19, tested negative and tested positive). The age- and sex-standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated by month which indicated an increase in incident diagnoses of anxiety or depression among individuals who were tested for COVID-19 (tested negative: SIR 3.05 [95% confidence interval 2.88-3.22]; tested positive: 2.03 [1.76-2.34]), especially during the first six months of the pandemic (i.e., March-September 2020). Similar increases were also observed for incident prescriptions of anxiolytics or antidepressants (tested negative: 1.56 [1.47-1.67]; tested positive: 1.41 [1.22-1.62]). In contrast, individuals not tested for COVID-19 had consistently lower incidence rates of both diagnoses of anxiety or depression (0.70 [0.67-0.72]) and prescriptions of respective psychotropic medications (0.70 [0.68-0.72]) during the pandemic period. These data suggest a distinct rise in health care needs for anxiety and depression among individuals tested for COVID-19, regardless of the test result, in contrast to a reduction in health care consumption for these disorders among individuals not tested for and, presumably, not directly exposed to the disease.
人们对 COVID-19 大流行对人口心理健康的负面影响表示严重关切。然而，关于大流行对不同程度暴露人群中精神疾病发病率的长期影响的数据有限。利用基于社区的英国生物银行队列的前瞻性数据，我们纳入了 308400 名无焦虑或抑郁诊断以及 213757 名无抗焦虑药或抗抑郁药处方的参与者，以探索 2020 年 3 月 16 日至 2021 年 8 月 31 日期间与大流行前（即 2017 年 1 月 1 日至 2019 年 12 月 31 日）相比以及在不同暴露状况人群中（即未接受 COVID-19 检测、检测结果阴性和检测结果阳性）的焦虑和抑郁的新发诊断和药物处方趋势。通过月份计算年龄和性别标准化发病率比（SIR），结果表明，COVID-19 检测阳性的个体（检测结果阴性：SIR 3.05[95%置信区间 2.88-3.22]；检测结果阳性：2.03[1.76-2.34]），尤其是在大流行的前六个月（即 2020 年 3 月至 9 月），新发焦虑或抑郁诊断的发生率有所增加。抗焦虑药或抗抑郁药的新发处方也观察到类似的增加（检测结果阴性：1.56[1.47-1.67]；检测结果阳性：1.41[1.22-1.62]）。相比之下，未接受 COVID-19 检测的个体在大流行期间焦虑或抑郁的诊断（0.70[0.67-0.72]）和相应精神药物的处方（0.70[0.68-0.72]）的发生率始终较低。这些数据表明，与未接受检测且可能未直接接触该疾病的个体相比，无论检测结果如何，COVID-19 检测阳性的个体对焦虑和抑郁的医疗保健需求明显增加。
