Sports Research Centre/Department of Sport Sciences, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain.
Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL Foundation), Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain.
PeerJ. 2023 Jan 13;11:e14434. doi: 10.7717/peerj.14434. eCollection 2023.
Induced variability by the use of unstable surfaces has been proposed to enhance proprioceptive control to deal with perturbations in the support base better. However, there is a lack of evidence about its benefits facilitating motor adaptions in upper body skills. In this experiment, practice on an unstable surface was applied to analyze the adaptations in an upper limb precision throwing skill. After a pretest, twenty-one participants were randomly allocated into two groups: one group practiced the throwing task on a stable surface and the other group practiced the same task on an unstable support base. Differences in throwing performance between pre- and post-practice were analyzed in accuracy, hand movement kinematics and variability of the throw in both surface conditions. Fuzzy entropy of the horizontal force was calculated to assess the complexity dynamics of postural sway. Participants improved their performance on the stable and the unstable surface. Induced variability using an unstable surface reduced participants' variability and the complexity of postural sway, but it did not facilitate a superior adaptation of the throwing task. The results suggest that the variations induced by unstable surfaces would fall far from the family of specific motor solutions and would not facilitate additional motor performance of the throwing task.
使用不稳定表面来产生变异性已被提议用于增强本体感觉控制，以更好地应对支撑基础的干扰。然而，关于它在促进上肢技能的运动适应方面的益处的证据还很缺乏。在这项实验中，在不稳定表面上进行练习，以分析上肢精确投掷技能的适应情况。在预测试后，将 21 名参与者随机分配到两组：一组在稳定表面上练习投掷任务，另一组在不稳定的支撑基础上练习相同的任务。在两种表面条件下，分别分析了投掷准确性、手部运动运动学和投掷变异性方面的练习前后投掷表现的差异。计算水平力的模糊熵以评估姿势摆动的复杂动力学。参与者在稳定和不稳定的表面上都提高了他们的表现。使用不稳定表面产生的可变性降低了参与者的可变性和姿势摆动的复杂性，但并没有促进投掷任务的更好适应。结果表明，不稳定表面产生的变化将远远偏离特定运动解决方案的范围，并且不会促进投掷任务的额外运动表现。
