Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
J Vis. 2023 Jan 3;23(1):12. doi: 10.1167/jov.23.1.12.
Top-down visual attention filters undesired stimuli while selected information is afforded the lion's share of limited cognitive resources. Multiple selection mechanisms can be deployed simultaneously, but how unique influences of each combine to facilitate behavior remains unclear. Previously, we failed to observe an additive perceptual benefit when both space-based attention (SBA) and feature-based attention (FBA) were cued in a sparse display (Liang & Scolari, 2020): FBA was restricted to higher order decision-making processes when combined with a valid spatial cue, whereas SBA additionally facilitated target enhancement. Here, we introduced a series of design modifications across three experiments to elicit both attention mechanisms within signal enhancement while also investigating the impacts on decision making. First, we found that when highly reliable spatial and feature cues made unique contributions to search (experiment 1), or when each cue component was moderately reliable (experiments 2a and 2b), both mechanisms were deployed independently to resolve the target. However, the same manipulations produced interactive attention effects within other latent decision-making components that depended on the probability of the integrated cueing object. Time spent before evidence accumulation was reduced and responses were more conservative for the most likely pre-cue combination-even when it included an invalid component. These data indicate that selection mechanisms operate on sensory signals invariably in an independent manner, whereas a higher-order dependency occurs outside of signal enhancement.
自上而下的视觉注意力过滤掉不需要的刺激,而选择的信息则获得了有限认知资源的大部分份额。可以同时部署多种选择机制,但每种机制的独特影响如何结合起来促进行为尚不清楚。之前,我们在稀疏显示中同时提示基于空间的注意力(SBA)和基于特征的注意力(FBA)时,没有观察到感知上的附加益处(Liang & Scolari,2020):当与有效空间提示结合时,FBA 仅限于更高阶的决策过程,而 SBA 则另外促进了目标增强。在这里,我们在三个实验中进行了一系列设计修改,在信号增强过程中同时引出这两种注意力机制,并研究它们对决策的影响。首先,我们发现当高度可靠的空间和特征提示对搜索做出独特贡献时(实验 1),或者当每个提示组件都具有中等可靠性时(实验 2a 和 2b),这两种机制都独立地被部署来确定目标。然而,相同的操作在其他依赖于集成提示对象概率的潜在决策组件中产生了交互注意力效应。在证据积累之前,花费的时间减少了,并且对于最有可能的预提示组合,响应更加保守,即使它包含无效组件。这些数据表明,选择机制始终以独立的方式作用于感觉信号,而高阶依赖则发生在信号增强之外。
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