The Human Performance and Health Research Laboratory, Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2023 Feb 1;134(2):455-466. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00570.2022. Epub 2023 Jan 19.
The term exercise-induced cardiac fatigue (EICF) has typically been used to describe a transient reduction in cardiac function following prolonged-strenuous exercise. Recent evidence demonstrates that EICF can occur following only 45 min of high-intensity exercise when assessed using exercising stress echocardiography. This investigation sought to examine whether sprint intervals (SIT; 6 × 30 s Wingate tests), or 90-min moderate-cycling with sprint intervals (MIX; 90 min with 1 × 30 s Wingate test every 15 min) would cause greater EICF than 90 min (CON) or 3 h (LONG) moderate-cycling assessed using stress echocardiography, with a secondary aim to interrogate sex differences in EICF. Seventeen participants (M: 9, F: 8) underwent three cycling sessions with stress-echocardiography performed before-and-after each condition at a target heart rate (HR) of 100 beats·min, with the CON testing occurring at the mid-point of the 3 h LONG condition. For all conditions, measures of left ventricular (LV) systolic [stroke volume, ejection fraction (EF), peak longitudinal strain, isovolumetric contraction time, ') and diastolic (/, ', isovolumetric relaxation time, longitudinal strain rate) function were reduced after exercise (all < 0.05). In the right ventricle (RV), systolic function was reduced (tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, ', peak longitudinal strain and strain rate) following all conditions, and fractional area change was reduced to the greatest degree following SIT (condition × time, = 0.01). Females demonstrated lesser impairments in LV EF, and elastance (ESP/ESV) compared with males ( < 0.05). Markers of EICF occurred similarly following all cycling loads, suggesting the functional changes may be due to altered loading conditions and reduced stress-echocardiography workload. However, males experienced greater cardiac alterations in some measures, likely due to greater changes in postexercise loading conditions. This investigation sought to determine the role of exercise intensity on the magnitude of exercise-induced cardiac fatigue using stress echocardiography to maintain loading conditions, with a secondary purpose of assessing sex differences. Unexpectedly, it was found that all cycling loads elicited the same magnitude of functional alteration, which likely represents a common response to exercise and stress echocardiography, rather than intrinsic cardiac impairment. Males demonstrated greater alterations than females, likely due to sex differences in postexercise hemodynamics.
运动诱导性心脏疲劳(EICF)一词通常用于描述长时间剧烈运动后心脏功能的短暂降低。最近的证据表明,当使用运动应激超声心动图进行评估时,高强度运动仅 45 分钟后即可发生 EICF。本研究旨在探讨冲刺间隔(SIT;6×30 秒的威格测试)或 90 分钟的中等强度骑行加冲刺间隔(MIX;90 分钟,每 15 分钟进行 1 次 30 秒的威格测试)是否比 90 分钟(CON)或 3 小时(LONG)的中等强度骑行更能引起 EICF,运动应激超声心动图评估,并次要目的是探究 EICF 的性别差异。17 名参与者(男性 9 名,女性 8 名)进行了三次循环测试,在每种条件下,在目标心率(HR)为 100 次/分钟之前和之后进行了应激超声心动图检查,CON 测试发生在 3 小时 LONG 条件的中点。对于所有条件,左心室(LV)收缩功能[每搏量、射血分数(EF)、峰值纵向应变、等容收缩时间、']和舒张功能[/、',等容舒张时间、纵向应变率]在运动后均降低(所有 P < 0.05)。在右心室(RV)中,所有条件后收缩功能均降低(三尖瓣环平面收缩位移、',峰值纵向应变和应变率),而 SIT 后节段面积变化降低最大(条件×时间,P = 0.01)。与男性相比,女性的 LV EF 和僵硬度(ESP/ESV)的损伤较小(P < 0.05)。所有循环负荷后均出现 EICF 标志物,这表明这些功能变化可能是由于负荷条件改变和应激超声心动图工作量减少所致。然而,男性在某些指标上经历了更大的心脏改变,这可能是由于运动后负荷条件的变化更大。本研究旨在使用应激超声心动图来确定运动强度对 EICF 程度的影响,以维持负荷条件,次要目的是评估性别差异。出乎意料的是,发现所有的循环负荷都引起了相同程度的功能改变,这可能代表了对运动和应激超声心动图的共同反应,而不是内在的心脏损伤。男性的改变大于女性,这可能是由于运动后血液动力学的性别差异所致。