School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China.
Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China.
Virus Res. 2023 Feb;325:199046. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199046. Epub 2023 Jan 16.
Norovirus is the leading cause of viral gastroenteritis globally, and poses substantial threats to public health. Despite substantial progress made in preventing norovirus diseases, the lack of a robust virus culture system has hampered biological research and effective strategies to combat this pathogen. Reverse genetic system is the technique to generate infectious viruses from cloned genetic constructs, which is a powerful tool for the investigation of viral pathogenesis and for the development of novel drugs and vaccines. The strategies of reverse genetics include bacterial artificial chromosomes, vaccinia virus vectors, and entirely plasmid-based systems. Since each strategy has its pros and cons, choosing appropriate approaches will greatly improve the efficiency of virus rescue. Reverse genetic systems that have been employed for norovirus greatly extend its life cycle and facilitate the development of medical countermeasures. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the structure, transmission, genetic evolution and clinical manifestations of norovirus, and describe recent advances in the studies of norovirus reverse genetics as well as its future prospects for therapeutics and vaccine development.
诺如病毒是全球病毒性胃肠炎的主要病原体，对公共卫生构成重大威胁。尽管在预防诺如病毒病方面取得了重大进展，但缺乏强大的病毒培养系统阻碍了对该病原体的生物学研究和有效防控策略的制定。反向遗传学系统是从克隆的遗传构建体中产生传染性病毒的技术，是研究病毒发病机制和开发新型药物和疫苗的有力工具。反向遗传学的策略包括细菌人工染色体、痘苗病毒载体和完全基于质粒的系统。由于每种策略都有其优缺点，选择合适的方法将大大提高病毒拯救的效率。已用于诺如病毒的反向遗传学系统极大地扩展了其生命周期，并促进了医疗对策的发展。在这篇综述中，我们总结了诺如病毒的结构、传播、遗传进化和临床表现的现有知识，并描述了诺如病毒反向遗传学研究的最新进展及其在治疗学和疫苗开发方面的未来前景。
