Van Opstal Natalia Veronica, Gabioud Emmanuel Adrian, Seehaus Mariela Soledad, Pighini Ramiro Joaquin, Repetti Maria Rosa, Wilson Marcelo German, Wingeyer Ana Beatriz, Cuatrin Alejandra Lorena, Regaldo Luciana Maria, Gagneten Ana Maria, Sasal Maria Carolina
Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Gestión Ambiental, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Entre Ríos, Paraná, Argentina.
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Mar;30(15):43573-43585. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-25373-2. Epub 2023 Jan 20.
The Espinal region (Entre Ríos, Argentina) has suffered land use changes caused by expansion of the agricultural frontier. This expansion has led to an increased use of pesticides. This study is aimed at better understanding the spatial distribution of pesticides in surface water of the Estacas stream, a representative basin of the Espinal region, associated with crop production. The location and proportion of area with soybean, maize, and wheat crops in each catchment area of the basin were estimated, and surface water samples were taken to perform a pesticide screening during a period of one year. Soybean represented approximately 71% of the total cultivated area of the basin, whereas maize and wheat accounted for 15% and 14%, respectively. The analysis of 125 analytes showed the presence of 19 pesticides. The pesticide load maps showed that atrazine was detected in an area of relatively low catchment compared to other pesticides as glyphosate, which is applied in all the agricultural fields of the basin. The load of metolachlor and S-metolachlor covered a large area of the basin. The highest recorded concentrations of these pesticides were 86 μg L of atrazine, 24 μg L of metolachlor, 19 μg L of glyphosate, and 15 μg L of S-metolachlor. The results allow better understanding the environmental distribution of pesticides associated with pest control in the crops of the basin studied, the doses and times of application, and the variation in the rainfall in the basin. This study provides relevant information about how aquatic ecosystems in agricultural basins receive the diffuse contribution of pesticides, representing potential sources of water pollution. Also, the results allow supporting the design of agricultural practices and politics to improve land-use planning for the development of sustainable basins.
埃斯皮纳尔地区（阿根廷恩特雷里奥斯省）因农业前沿的扩张而经历了土地利用变化。这种扩张导致了农药使用量的增加。本研究旨在更好地了解埃斯皮纳尔地区一个具有代表性的流域——埃斯塔卡斯河地表水中农药的空间分布，该流域与作物生产相关。估算了该流域每个集水区内种植大豆、玉米和小麦作物的面积位置及比例，并采集地表水样本进行为期一年的农药筛查。大豆约占该流域总耕地面积的71%，而玉米和小麦分别占15%和14%。对125种分析物的分析表明存在19种农药。农药负荷图显示，与草甘膦等其他农药相比，阿特拉津在集水区相对较小的区域被检测到，草甘膦在该流域所有农田均有使用。异丙甲草胺和S-异丙甲草胺的负荷覆盖了该流域的大片区域。这些农药记录的最高浓度分别为：阿特拉津86μg/L、异丙甲草胺24μg/L、草甘膦19μg/L和S-异丙甲草胺15μg/L。这些结果有助于更好地了解与该研究流域作物害虫防治相关的农药在环境中的分布情况、施用剂量和时间，以及该流域降雨的变化情况。本研究提供了有关农业流域水生生态系统如何接受农药的分散贡献（这是潜在的水污染来源）的相关信息。此外，研究结果有助于支持农业实践和政策的设计，以改进土地利用规划，促进可持续流域的发展。
