Geografía, Instituto de Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.
Environ Monit Assess. 2024 Jun 20;196(7):633. doi: 10.1007/s10661-024-12759-z.
The intensive global use of pesticides presents an escalating threat to human health, ecosystems, and water quality. To develop national and local environmental management strategies for mitigating pollution caused by pesticides, it is essential to understand the quantities, timing, and location of their application. This study aims to estimate the spatial distribution of pesticide use in an agricultural region of La Plata River basin in Uruguay. Estimates of pesticide use were made by surveying doses applied to each crop. This information was spatialized through identifying agricultural rotations using remote sensing techniques. The study identified the 60 major agricultural rotations in the region and mapped the use and application amount of the nine most significant active ingredients (glyphosate, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, flumioxazin, S-metolachlor, clethodim, flumetsulam, triflumuron, chlorantraniliprole, and fipronil). The results reveal that glyphosate is the most extensively used pesticide (53.5% of the area) and highest amount of use (> 1.44 kg/ha). Moreover, in 19% of the area, at least seven active ingredients are applied in crop rotations. This study marks the initial step in identifying rotations and estimating pesticide applications with high spatial resolution at a regional scale in agricultural regions of La Plata River basin. The results improve the understanding of pesticide spatial distribution based on data obtained from agronomists, technicians, and producers and provide a replicable methodological approach for other geographic and productive contexts. Generating baseline information is key to environmental management and decision making, towards the design of more robust monitoring systems and human exposure assessment.
全球范围内大量使用农药，对人类健康、生态系统和水质造成了日益严重的威胁。为了制定国家和地方环境管理策略，减轻农药污染，必须了解其使用的数量、时间和地点。本研究旨在估计乌拉圭拉普拉塔河流域农业区的农药使用的空间分布。通过调查每种作物的施用量来估计农药的使用量。通过使用遥感技术识别农业轮作来实现信息的空间化。本研究确定了该地区的 60 种主要农业轮作，并绘制了 9 种最重要的活性成分（草甘膦、2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸、氟噁嗪、S-甲草氯、氯乙酰胺、氟噻草胺、三氟虫脲、氯虫苯甲酰胺和氟虫腈）的使用和施用量。结果表明，草甘膦是使用最广泛的农药（占面积的 53.5%），用量最高（超过 1.44 公斤/公顷）。此外，在 19%的地区，作物轮作中至少使用了 7 种活性成分。本研究标志着在拉普拉塔河流域农业区以高空间分辨率识别轮作和估算农药应用的初始步骤。研究结果提高了对基于农学家、技术员和生产者获得的数据的农药空间分布的认识，并为其他地理和生产背景提供了可复制的方法学方法。生成基准信息是环境管理和决策的关键，有助于设计更稳健的监测系统和人类暴露评估。
