Abdulaziz Anas, Pramodh Athira Vengalil, Sukumaran Vrinda, Raj Devika, John Ann Mary Valathuparambil Baby
CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Kochi, Cochin 682018, Kerala, India.
Toxics. 2022 Dec 30;11(1):36. doi: 10.3390/toxics11010036.
Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT), employing a combination of light and natural photosensitizer molecules such as curcumin, has been accepted as a safe modality for removing aquatic pathogens which cause diseases such as cholera in humans and vibriosis in aquatic animals. Curcumin and its photodegradation products are generally considered as safe to animals, but the impact of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by these products on the growth and survival of organisms at a cellular level has not been studied in detail. The ROS generated by curcumin on photoexcitation using blue light (λ 405 nm, 10 mW cm) disinfects more than 80% of free-living spp. in the rearing water of . However, it is less effective against spp. colonized inside because the carapace of the animal prevents the transmission of more than 70% of light at the 400-450 nm range and thus reduces the formation of ROS. The influence of curcumin and photoexcited curcumin on the microbiome of were revealed by nanopore sequencing. The photoexcited curcumin induced irregular expression of genes coding the moult-inhibiting hormone (MIH), Crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone (CHH)), prophenoloxidase (ProPO), and crustin, which indicates toxic effects of ROS generated by photoexcited curcumin on the neuroendocrine and immune systems of crustaceans, which could alter their growth and survival in aquaculture settings. The study proposed the cautious use of photodynamic therapy in aquaculture systems, and care must be taken to avoid photoexcitation when animals are experiencing moulting or environmental stress.
光动力抗菌化疗（PACT），即结合光与姜黄素等天然光敏剂分子，已被公认为是一种安全的方式，可用于去除导致人类霍乱和水生动物弧菌病等疾病的水生病原体。姜黄素及其光降解产物通常被认为对动物是安全的，但这些产物产生的活性氧（ROS）对细胞水平上生物体生长和存活的影响尚未得到详细研究。姜黄素在蓝光（λ 405 nm，10 mW/cm²）光激发下产生的ROS可使养殖水中超过80%的自由生活的弧菌属物种失活。然而，它对定殖在虾体内的弧菌属物种效果较差，因为虾的甲壳会阻止400 - 450 nm范围内超过70%的光传播，从而减少ROS的形成。通过纳米孔测序揭示了姜黄素和光激发姜黄素对虾微生物群的影响。光激发姜黄素诱导了编码蜕皮抑制激素（MIH）、甲壳动物高血糖激素（CHH）、酚氧化酶原（ProPO）和抗菌肽的基因表达异常，这表明光激发姜黄素产生的ROS对甲壳类动物的神经内分泌和免疫系统有毒性作用，这可能会改变它们在水产养殖环境中的生长和存活。该研究建议在水产养殖系统中谨慎使用光动力疗法，并且在动物蜕皮或处于环境应激状态时必须小心避免光激发。
